紐時賞析／「不要歐盟」莫斯科勢力阻饒歐俄間小國摩爾多瓦

支持摩尔多瓦加入欧盟的人士在首都基希纳乌发放传单，敦促民众参与公投。（纽约时报）

Moscow Roils a Country on the Edge of Europe and Russia

莫斯科势力 搅和欧俄间小国摩尔多瓦

Moldova’s police chief, appointed by a government committed to joining the European Union and leaving Russia’s orbit, was alarmed to find his country’s capital suddenly plastered with posters bearing a blunt message: “No EU.”

摩尔多瓦警察首长震惊地发现，自己国家首都突然贴满海报，写着一个直截了当的讯息：「不要欧盟」。此人由一个致力加入欧盟与脱离俄罗斯势力的政府任命。

The posters — written in Russian and Romanian, Moldova’s main language — appeared overnight on bus stops across Chisinau last month, ostensibly part of an advertising campaign for a concert by a popular Russian-speaking singer from Ukraine.

这些海报以俄文和摩尔多瓦主要语言罗马尼亚文写成，上个月似乎一夜之间出现在基希纳乌各地的公车站，表面上是一个说俄语的乌克兰流行歌手演唱会宣传活动一部分。

The timing, however, set off alarm bells: the anti-EU message came just as Moldova, a former Soviet republic, was gearing up for a contentious referendum on whether to amend its constitution to enshrine the “irreversibility” of its “European course.”

然而，时机引起警觉：反欧盟讯息出现，正逢前苏联加盟共和国摩尔多瓦准备举行一场有争议的公投，题目是是否修改宪法，载入欧洲进程的「不可逆转性」。

The posters had nothing to do with the singer, the police chief Viorel Cernauteanu said, but were part of a “big psychological operation” directed by Russia to derail the referendum, which was held at the same time as a presidential election (Oct.20).

警察首长塞尔纳乌泰努说，这些海报跟该歌手无关，而是俄罗斯主导的「大型心理作战」一部分，要阻挠跟总统选举同时举行的公投。

Cernauteanu said he believed the operation was the work of Ilan Shor, a fugitive Moldovan oligarch sheltering in Moscow, citing evidence, which he did not share, that the people who commissioned the posters were linked to the tycoon.

塞尔纳乌泰努说，他相信这场行动是藏身莫斯科的摩尔多瓦逃亡寡头萧尔安排，称委托制作海报的人跟这名大亨有关联。

Shor, who has been sentenced in Moldova to 15 years in jail in connection with the theft of hundreds of millions of dollars from the country’s banking system, has for years worked to promote Russia and stoke hostility to the West, but this effort, officials say, has reached a new intensity in recent months.

萧尔在摩尔多瓦被判处入狱15年，因涉嫌从该国银行系统盗取数亿美元。他多年来一直致力宣传俄罗斯，并煽动敌视西方，但官员说，这项行动近几个月达到新的强度。

Sunday’s vote on changing the constitution represents the culmination of a decades-long tug of war over Moldova’s direction between East and West. Each side has invested heavily in swaying the outcome. While the European Union has done this openly through support for Moldova’s economy and its government, Russia has sought to keep the country within its orbit through furtive funding for anti-government activities and what officials and international technology giants describe as a broad campaign of disinformation against the EU.

周日的修宪投票，代表摩尔多瓦在东西方之间数十年来走向拉锯战的高潮。两边都投入重金想影响结果。欧盟已公开支援摩尔多瓦经济与政府，俄罗斯则秘密为反政府活动提供资金，加上官员和国际科技巨擘称之为针对欧盟的广泛假讯息活动，试图让该国保持在自己的势力范围内。

The posters against the bloc that appeared in Chisinau were quickly removed, as campaigning for the referendum is restricted to organizations registered with the election commission.

出现在基希纳乌的反欧盟海报很快被撕下，因为仅限跟选举委员会登记的组织才能进行公投宣传。

文／Andrew Higgins and Steven Lee Myers　译／周辰阳