紐時賞析／川普當選、俄反對派內訌 「反普亭」勢力分裂情況加劇

纳瓦尼今年2月在北极圈流放地监狱猝逝，图为他被安葬在莫斯科的公墓。(路透)

Infighting Tarnishes Opposition to Putin

俄反对派内讧 削弱反普亭势力

It was the largest East-West prisoner swap since the Cold War, with a Russian assassin and seven others returned to Moscow in August in exchange for 16 prisoners who had run afoul of President Vladimir Putin.

这是自冷战以来最大规模东西方换囚。一名俄罗斯杀手和另外七人8月返回莫斯科，换取16名曾冒犯普亭总统的囚犯。

Among those released by Russia were four political prisoners and three people with ties to the country’s most prominent opposition figure, Alexei Navalny, who died in prison in February. The deal seemed poised to breathe new life into a fractured movement that had struggled to exert influence in the aftermath of Navalny’s death.

俄国释放的那些人之中有四名是政治犯，以及三名和该国著名反对派人物纳瓦尼有关的人。纳瓦尼2月死在狱中。这个协议，似乎将为纳瓦尼去世后一直难以发挥影响力又支离破碎的运动注入活力。

But months later, there are signs that the Russian opposition movement has never been more divided.

但数月后，迹象显示，俄国反对运动从未如此分裂。

The election of Donald Trump as U.S. president has further complicated the effort. Trump has expressed admiration for Putin and suggested that he would end U.S. support to Ukraine in its war against Russia. If Trump takes a benevolent stance toward Russia, it could further insulate Putin from criticism.

川普当选美国总统让此事变得更困难。川普曾表示欣赏普亭，表明美国会停止支持乌克兰对俄作战。如果川普对俄国采取善意态度，可能进一步让普亭免受批评。

In September, Navalny’s organization made a shocking accusation: that another Putin critic in exile had organized an assault with a hammer on Leonid Volkov, Navalny’s former chief of staff, in Lithuania in March.

在9月，纳瓦尼的组织提出一项惊人指控：另一名流亡的普亭批评者3月于立陶宛组织了一场袭击，用铁锤攻击纳瓦尼的前幕僚长伏科夫。

The accusation opened floodgates of criticism among Russian activists living in the West, with some prominent figures accusing Navalny’s aides of trying to silence any voices that might compete with them for leadership of the opposition.

这项指控激发住在西方的俄国维权人士批评。有些知名人物指控，纳瓦尼的助手试图压制可能和他们竞争反对派领导权的任何声音。

Two weeks after the accusation, an anti-Putin campaigner, Maxim Katz, accused the Navalny team of receiving funds from people accused of fraud, and even elevating one to register the group’s legal entity in the United States.

这项指控提出的两周后，另一名反普亭人士卡兹指控，纳瓦尼团队收受被控诈欺者的资金，甚至提拔其中一人在美国注册该组织的法律实体。

“You have squandered Navalny’s legacy,” Boris Zimin, a Russian businessperson in exile who had been one of the Navalny group’s biggest donors, wrote in a Facebook post directed at Navalny’s exiled aides.

流亡俄国商人齐明曾是纳瓦尼组织最大金主之一。他在脸书针对纳瓦尼的流亡助手们发文写道：「你们浪费了纳瓦尼的功业。」

Alexei Venediktov, the former editor of Ekho Moskvy, a popular radio station that was shut down by the government after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, lamented the fissures in the opposition.

「莫斯科回声」电台前编辑维涅狄克托夫也为反对派的分歧感到痛惜。这个热门电台在俄国入侵乌克兰后就被政府关台。

“This is a competition to show the West who the real leadership of the Russian opposition is,” said Venediktov, a former subject of investigations by the Navalny group’s anti-corruption unit.

维涅狄克托夫曾是纳瓦尼团体反贪腐小组的调查对象。他说：「这是一场向西方展现谁才是俄国反对派真正领导层的竞赛。」

文／Valerie Hopkins　译／罗方妤