406 个英语语法公式,助力高考英语高分

406 个英语语法公式

★公式 001

a+单数量词+of+可数名词复数

·a pair of eyes 一双眼睛

·a pair of shoes —双鞋

·a box of sweets 一盒糖

·a pile of stones 一堆石头

·a basket of eggs—篮子鸡蛋

·a group of children 一群孩子

★公式 002

数词+复数量词+of+可数名词复数

·two boxes of pens 两盒钢笔

·two baskets of apples 两篮子苹果

·two pairs of gloves 两副手套

★公式 003

a+单数量词+of+不可数名词

·a drop of blood 一滴血

·a piece of chalk 一支粉笔

·a bit of bread—小块面包

·a pound of meat 一磅肉

·a meter of cloth—米布

·a ton of coal—吨煤

·a bag of rice—袋大米

·a bottle of wine 一瓶葡萄酒全部资料电子版在公众号：逆袭墙

·a cup of tea 一杯茶

·a basin of water —盆水

★公式 004

数词+复数量词+of+不可数名词

·two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶

·four bottles of water 四瓶水

·three cups of coffee 三杯咖啡

★公式 005

复数名词词尾(不以 s 结尾)+-'s

·the children's toys 儿童玩具

·today's news 今天的新闻

·the cat's tail 猫的尾巴

·women's rights 妇女的权利

·Mary's bike 玛丽的自行车

·an hour's walk 步行一个小时的路程

·This is not my dictionary.It's my sister's.

这不是我的词典。是我姐姐的。

Many children's eyesight is getting poorer and poorer.

很多孩子的视力变得越来越差。

★公式 006

复数名词词尾(以 s 结尾)+-'

·The girls' shoes were covered with mud,so I asked themn

to take them off before they got into Tom's car.这些女孩的鞋子满是泥，所以我让她们把鞋脱下来再上汤姆的车。(江西)

·—How far is it from Dalian to Xi'an?

从大连到西安有多远?

—It's about two hours' flight.

乘飞机大约用两个小时。

·My parents' hometown is very beautiful. 我父母的家乡非常美。

·Those girls who welcomed the guests were the teachers' daughters. 迎接客人的那些女孩都是老师们的女儿。

·He found it difficult to answer the visitors' questions. 他发现那些参观者们的问题很难回答。

★公式 007

A(+B...)+and+C+-'s 表示两者或多者共同拥有。

·Professor Wang is Li Ming and Li Ling's mother.王教授是李明和李玲的妈妈。

·Mary and Sara's room is big and bright.They like it very much.玛丽和萨拉的房间宽敞、明亮。她们很喜欢它。

★公式 008

A+-'s(+B+-'s...)+and+C+-'s

表示两者或多者分别拥有。

·Tim's and Peter's fathers teach in the same school.蒂姆的爸爸和彼得的爸爸在同一所学校教学。

★公式 009

名词+of+名词

·From the top of the cliff came the cry of the child.从悬崖顶上传来了那个孩子的哭声。

·The windows of that house are broken.

那间屋子的窗户破了。

·There is something wrong with the engine of the car.这辆汽车的发动机出了故障。

·The problem of the poor is that they cannot find the right way to get out of the difficult situation.穷人的问题是他们找不到正确的方法摆脱困境。

·When in trouble,I usually ask for the advice of my parents.遇到麻烦时，我通常去征询我父母的意见。

★公式 010

of 前的名词常由冠词、数词、不定代词等修饰；带-'s 所有格的名词必须是明确限定的、指人的。

·I have only read four books of Dickens'. 我只看过狄更斯的四本书。全部资料电子版在公众号：逆袭墙

·This is a picture of my brother's.这是我哥哥收藏的一幅画。

·Many friends of his have been abroad.他的许多朋友都出过国。

·He is a cousin of mine.他是我的一位表哥。

★公式 011

many 等+可数名词复数

·He made a great many mistakes.他犯了许多错误。

·My time is very precious,so I can only give you a few minutes.

我的时间很宝贵，所以我只能给你几分钟

的时间。

·A number of my friends came to the party.

我的很多朋友参加了这次派对。

·I hear quite a few boys in your school like playing football in their spare time,though others prefer basketball. 我听说你们学校有相当多的男生喜欢在业余时间踢足球， 虽然也有一些人更喜欢打篮球。(辽宁)

★公式 012

much 等+不可数名词

·He doesn't have much furniture in his room— just an old desk. 他房间里没有多少家具——就一张旧书桌。(陕西)

·The factory made too much noise.It was so noisy that I couldn't sleep well every night.

工厂制造了太大的噪音。吵得我每晚都睡不好。

·A large amount of money was spent on the magnificentbuilding. 这幢气派的大楼花了许多钱。

·We got little help from them.

我们没有从他们那儿得到什么帮助。

·His work has been attracting a great deal of attention.他的作品引起了广泛的关注。

★公式 013

a lot of 等+可数名词复数/不可数名词

·Some police officers in the UK carry guns,but most ofthem don't.在英国，一些警官带枪，但大多数不带。

·l asked her for some milk,but she didn't have any.

我向她要一些牛奶，但是她一点都没有了。

·The young dancers looked so charming in their clothes thatwe took masses of pictures of them.年轻的舞蹈演员们穿着她们的衣服，太迷人了，因此我们给她们拍了很多照片。(上海)

·We always keep plenty of spare paper,in case we runout.我们总是存有大量的备用纸张以免用完。(浙江)

·As a result of destroying the forests,a large quantity ofdesert has covered the land.由于森林被破坏，大片的沙漠覆盖了陆地。(上海)

★公式 014

a/an+可数名词单数

A doctor is the person that helps to save people's lives. 医生就是帮助挽救人们生命的人。

·A square has four sides. 正方形有四条边。

·An engineer is one whose job is to design or build roads,bridges,machines and so on.年程师就是设计或建造公路、桥梁、机器等的人。

★公式 015

the+可数名词单数

·In many places in China,the bicycle is still a popularmeans of transportation. 在中国的很多地方，自行车仍然是一种受欢迎的此通年具。(重庆)

·The tiger is without doubt the most magnificent of the bigcats. 老虎无疑是大型猫科动物中备纸武的。

★公式 016

零冠词+ 可数名词复数/不可数名词

·Teachers should encourage students to ask more questions. 老师免完浙励学生多问问题。

·There are cars,buses and bicycles coming and going upand down the street.

街道上轿车、公共汽车和自行车来来坏坏。

·Plastic is hard to break up.

沙漠很难分覆。不定冠词的用法

★公式 017

a/an+可数名词单数表示泛指、初地提到、“一；每”等意义。

·India attained independence in 1947,after a long struggle. 一场漫长的斗争之后，1947 年印度取得了独立。(全国 I)全部资料电子版在公众号：逆袭墙

They chose Tom to be the captain of the team because theyknew he was a smart leader.他们选择汤姆当本队队长，因为他们知道他是一位聪明的领导者。(江西)

·He was born in a small village in Guizhou Province.他出生在贵州省的一个小村子里。

·The car is travelling at 120 kilometers an hour.轿车正以每小时 120 千米的速度行驶。

★ 公 式 018 a/an+专有名词

表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一个不认识的人或不确定的时间。

·l can't tell you the way to the Wilsons'because we don'thave a Wilson here in the village.我无法告诉你去往威尔逊家的路，因为村里没有一个叫威尔逊的人。(重庆)

·The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact thatpeople from all walks of life are working hard for a newJiangsu.来自各行各业的人们正在为一个全新的江苏而努力工作着，这一事实给这里的游客留下了深刻的印象。(江苏)

·The story took place in an October in the 1980s.这个故事发生在 20 世纪 80 年代的一个 10 月。

★ 公 式 019 a/an+抽象名词

·Working with Jane is a joy.

和简一年工作是一件快乐的事。

·Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in thosetough times. 在那些困难时期，能够买得年一杯饮料是一种安慰。 (山东)

·— How about the Christmas evening party?

圣诞晚会怎么样?

—I should say it was a success.

我得说那是一个成功的晚会。(福建)

★ 公 式 020 a/an+物质名词

·A terrible snow struck this area in December and causedsevere damage

12 月份，这个地区遭遇了一场大雪，造成了严重的损失。

·I'd like a coffee and two beers,sir.

先生，我要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。

★公式 021

the+名词

特指上文提到过的、特定的或谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。

·I visited a church in Jinan.The church was built in the early1900s.

我在济南参观了一座教堂。这座教堂建于

20 世纪初。

·As he reached the front door,Jack saw a strange sight.

杰克走到前门时，他看到了一个奇怪的景象。(全国Ⅱ)

★公式 022

the+sun/earth 等

·There are over 58,000 rocky objects in space,about 900of which could fall down onto the earth.太空中有 58,000 多个岩石体，其中大约 900 个有可能会坠落到地球上。(辽地)

·The moon reflects the sun.月亮反射太阳的光。

·The earth moves around the sun while the moon movesaround the earth.地球围着太阳转而月亮围着地球转。

·As time goes on,we will know more about the Mars.随着时间的推移，我们对告星的了造会更多。

★公式 023

the+姓氏的复数形式

·The Browns are all living in China.布朗一家全住在中国。

·The Turners are sitting at a coner table.

特纳一家正坐在靠墙角的一张庆子旁。

·The Johnsons are very old.约翰逊夫妇业纪很大。

★公式 024 the+专有名词

·As is known to all,the People's Republic of China is the

biggest developing country in the world. 众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上工大的发展中国家。(陕西)

·According to the World Health Organization,health careplans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread ofAIDS.

(陕西)

·We are said to be living in the Information Age,a time ofnew discoveries and great changes.据说我们生活在告息时代，一个充满了新发现和赤大变化的时代。(四川)

★公式 025 the+方位名词

·on the left 在左说

·from the behind 从后面

★公式 026 the+形容词

·in the east 在东说

·to the right 朝右说

·The deaf can go to thisspecial school, 失聪的人可以到这所特殊学校上学。

·The new is to take theplace of the old.新事物工终会取代里事物。

·We should provide medical care for the wounded rightnow. 我们造立即你伤员进行医疗护理。

★公式 027

the+西洋乐器、娱乐活动等类的名词

·I play the guitar in the school band.

我在学校乐队里面弹吉他。

·The boy of no more than four years old can play the pianovery well. 这个年仅四岁的男孩钢琴弹得很好。

·They are going to the cinema tonight.他们今晚要去看电影。

★公式 028

动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位

·An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.

一个苹果从树上掉了下来， 砸在了他的头上。(浙江)

·The father led his daughter

儿的手走进了超市。全部资料电子版在公众号：逆袭墙

★公式 029

·He has never written such an interesting book as that.他从未写过像那本书一样那么有趣的书。

·Most people know what a great scientist Edison becamelater.大多数人都知道爱迪生后来成了一位非常伟大的科学家。

·The performance finally started half an hour later.半小时后演出终于开始了。

★公式 030

as/so/too/how+ 形容词+a/an+ 可数名词单数

·I have never spent as delightful a day as this Sunday.我从来没度过像这个星期天这样令人高兴的一天。

·Mr Smith is so good a teacher that all of us like him.史密斯先生是一位如此好的老师，我们都喜欢他。

·Lily is too young a child to be left by herself at home.莉莉太小，不能把她独自留在家里。

★公式 031

·I had quite/rather an easy test yesterday.

我身天的考掉很岁砸。

·Our maths teacher is quite a character.我们的数学老师与众不同。

★公式 032

all/both/double/half/twice 等+the+名词

·All the students in the class went out.班里所有的学生都出去了。

·We paid twice the price for the picture.

我们付双倍的价钱买了这幅画。

·It's only half the size of a normal violin.它只有普通小提趣的一半大小。

★公式 033 you+he/she+l

用于多个单数人称并列的场合。

·You and l have done our best.我和你都已经尽全力了。

·Tam and l left home early this morning.

我和汤姆今天一大早就离开了家。

·She and I got the sameidea.我和她想到一块儿去了。

★公式 034

根据世界卫生组织的岩息，各大城市都需

by the hand and walked into we+you+they

要医疗保射计划以预防艾滋病的传播。

thesupemarket. 爸爸牵着女

We,you and they all have made mistakes.

我们、你们和他们都犯了错误。

·We,you and they are all Chinese.我们、你们和他们都是中国人。

·We and they are longing to see you.我们和他们都渴望见你。

★公式 035 he+she

·He and she don't agree with me.他和她不同意我的看法。

·Graduating from high school,he and she were admitted tothe same university.高中毕业后，他和她被同一所大学录取。

★公式 036

用于指代与前面提到的名词为同一个事物的场合。

·Tom doesn't like the film himself,but his parents like it.汤姆本人不喜欢这部电影， 但是他的父母喜欢。

·l like this house with a beautiful garden in front,but I don'thave enough money to buy it.我喜欢这座前面有个漂亮花园的房子， 但是我没有足够的钱买下它。(四川)

★公式 037

It+be/get+形容词/名词/介词短语

·It gets colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷。

·It's eleven o'clock sharp now.现在 11 点整。

·It is five kilometers from your office to the bank.

从你的办公室到银行有五千米远。

★公式 038

It+be+被强调部分+that...

·It was because he would get the chance to travel that hewanted to work as a tour guide.就是因为能有机会去旅行，他才想从事导游职业的。(上海春)

·It was our manager that/who met me at the airportyesterday.昨天是我们经理去机场接我的。

·It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我来到了这里我才意识到这个地方不仅以美景闻名，而且它的天气也很有名。( 湖南)全部资料电子版在公众号：逆袭墙

★公式 039

It+be+形容词(+for sb.)+to do sth.

It is necessary to expand your vocabulary in studyingEnglish.在英语学习中扩大词汇量是必要的。

·It is very important for us to master computer skills. 对于我们来说，掌握计算机技能是非常重要的。

·It is very easy for you tofinish the work in two days. 对于你来地，两天之内完成这项工作很容易。

·It is very dangerous forchildren to cross the busystreet.对孩子们来地， 穿过繁忙的街道很危险。

★公式 040

It+be+ 形容词+of sb.+to do sth.

·It is foolish of you to believe in such a person.

信任一个这样的人你真傻。

·It was nice of you to help.

你帮了忙，真好。

·It is generous of the little girl to share her toys with otherkids. 这个小女孩很大方，和其他孩子分享她的玩具。

·It is dever of him to work out such a difficult problem. 他把这么难的问题量算出来了，真聪明。

★公式 041

It+be+no use/no good+doing sth.

·It is no use arguing with Bill because he will never changehis mind.与比尔争论是应有用的，因为他永远不会改变主意。(全国Ⅱ)

·It is no good turning to him.He is always indifferent toothers'matters.

向他求助应用。他对别人的事总是漠不关心。

·It is no good telling him.He won't listen.信诉他应有用。

他不会听的。

★公式 042

It+be+过去分词+that 从句

·It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped tospeak.人们常对人类天生具有对话的能力。(全国Ⅱ)

·It is believed that the house was built in 1735.据认为这所房子建于 1735 完。

·It is reported that the rain will stop tamorrow.据报道，明天这场雨就会停。

·It is required in the regulations that you should not tell otherpeople the password of your e-mail account.按照规定起不能把起的电子邮箱账户容码易诉别人。(上海)

·It is known that she is a learned woman.

众所周知，她是一位博学的女士。

★公式 043

It+be+名词+不定式/that 从句

·In fact it is a hard job for the police to keep order in animportant football match. 实际上，漠警察来对，在一场重大的足帮赛中维持秩序是一项艰难的工作。(上海)

·It is an honour for me to be invited to speak here.我很荣幸量邀在这计讲话。

·It is a pity that you missed such a good lecture.起错过了这么好的一个报易真可惜。全部资料电子版在公众号：逆袭墙

·It is a fact that English is leamed as an internationallanguage.英语作为一种国际性的语言被学习是一个事实。

★公式 044

It+be+形容词+that 从句

·It is quite clear that the ear of the elephant is like a huge fan.很显然，大象的耳朵像一把大扇子。

·It is obvious that he doesn't know how to repair a car.

很明显，他不知道怎样修理汽车。

·It is necessary that he(should)remember these words.他有必要记住这些话。

★公式 045

It+某些动词+that 从句

·It appears that all the files have been deleted.所有的文件好像都已经被删除了。

·It seems that he hasn't known anything about that.看起来他形那件事情还一无所知。

·It happened that he went by the store at

that time.那时他碰巧经过那家商店。

★公式 046

It+be+one's turn+to do sth.

·It is your turn to sing a song now.现在轮到向唱歌了。

·It is Tom's turn to clean the office today.

今天轮到汤姆打扫办公室了。

★公式 047

It+be+(high)time...

·It is time for lunch.式秩序饭了。

·Now it is time for me to study hard.现在是我努力学习的时候了。

·It is high time that you made/should make a decision.到了你作出决定的时候了。

★公式 048

It+has been/is+时间段+since...

·It is three years since I came here.我来这儿已经三年了。

·It is three months since they completed the great project.他们完成这项大工程已经三个月了。

·That was really a splendid evening.It's years since lenjoyed myself so much. 那确实是一个很精彩的夜晚。我有多年没玩得这么开心了。(安徽)

·It has been eleven years since he was a coach.他已经有 11 年不当教练了。

★公式 049

It+was/will be+时间段+before...

·It was several minutes before we realized what washappening.几分钟后我们才明白发生了什么事情。

·It will be a while before we know the results.我们要过一会儿才能知道结果。

★公式 050

主语+谓语动词+it+补足语+真正宾语

·The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult totell one from the other. 这两个女孩长得太像了以致陌生人很难分辨她们。(山东)

·Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a newlife for herself.

苏珊工我明确表示她希望自己开始新的生活。(山东)

·No matter where he is,he makes it a rule to go for a walkbefore breakfast.

无论他在哪里，他都把在早餐前散步当成

规矩。(陕西)

★公式 051

·There is only one success in the world — to be able to spendyour life in your own way.

世界上只有一种成功—— 能够用自己的方式度过一生。

·I saw the whole accident with my own eyes.

我亲眼看见了这次事故的全过程。

·The restaurant has a kitchen garden of its own. 这家饭店有自己的菜园。

★ 公 式 052 one...,the other...

·He has two sons.One is a doctor,and the other is asoldier.他有两个儿子。一个是医生，另一个是军人。

·It is said that two man-made structures are clearly visiblefrom space.One is the Great Wall of China,and the otheris Japan's Kansai International Airport. 据说从太空中能够清楚地看到两个人造建筑物：一个是中国长城，另一个是日本关西国际机场。(上海春)全部资料电子版在公众号：逆袭墙

★公式 053

some...,others...

·Some boys are playing football,and others are playingbasketball. 一些男孩子在踢足球，另外一些在打篮球。

·There are lots of people in the park on Sunday.Some arewalking,and others are climbing the hills. 星期天公 园里有许多人。一些在散步， 另一些在爬山。

★公式 054

some...,the others...

·Of these students,same are fram Peking University,and

the others are from Tsinghua University. 这些学生中，一些来自北亲大学，其余的来自清华大学。

·Some of my birthday gifts were given by my relatives,andthe others were given by my friends.我的生日礼物有一些是我的亲戚们送的，其余的是我的朋友们送的。

★ 公 式 055 one...another...(the other...)

·The old man's three daughters are all abroad.One is in theUS,another is in England and the other seems to be inFrance.这位老人的三个女儿都在国外。一个在美国，一个在英国，另外一个好像在法国。

·Recycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing isanother.回收利用是保护环境的一种方围，重复利用是另一种方围。(重庆)

★公式 056

·I have got a few friends who live nearby.

我有几个住在附近的朋友。

·He has few interests outside his work. 工作之外他几乎男有什么兴趣。

·—Can you speak French?球会打法语吗?

—Yes,but a little.会，不过只会打一点。

·We have little rain here in spring.我们这里春天几乎不下雨。

★公式 057

such+be...

be 的单复数形围由其后的名词或代词决定。

·Such were her wishes.这就是她的愿望。

·Such is their decision.这就是他们的决定。

★公式 058

·—I'd like some more cheese.我想再要一些奶酪。

—Sorry,there's nane left.对不起，一点也没有了。(浙江)

·Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness foryears,she lost none of her enthusiasm for life.尽管罗斯玛丽多年受重病折磨，但她丝毫没有失去对生活的热情。(陕西)

·None of the money was missing.钱一点儿

也没丢。

·Charles was alone at home,with no one looking after him.查尔斯一个人在家，没有人照顾他。(全国Ⅱ)

★公式 059

用于询问职业。

·What is your elder sister?你姐姐是干什么的?

·What does your father do?你爸爸是做什么的?

·What did you do when you were in London?你在伦敦时是做什么的?

★公式 060

What+be+主语+like?

用于询问某人/事物是什么样的或怎么样。

·One of the twins is very active.What is the other like?这对双胞胎中的一个很活跃， 另一个怎么样?

·What's the weather like in your city this time of year?你们城市每年这个时候天气怎么样?

★公式 061

What+do/does+主语+look like?

·—What does Clark look like?克拉克长什么样?

—He is tall and has brown hair.他很热，有棕色的头发。

·—What does your manager look like? 你们经理长什么样?—She has big eyes and a small mouth.她有一双大眼睛和一张小嘴。

·What do your parents look like?你父母长什么样?

★公式 062

What do you think of...?

·What do you think of our new English teacher? 你认为我们的新英语老师怎么样?

·What do you think of the film we saw yesterday?你管得我们昨天看的那部电影怎么样?

·What do you think of this lap top?你管得这台笔记本电磨怎么样?

★公式 063

What about...?

·What about the two of us having a coffee?

色们两个去喝杯咖啡怎么样?

·—What time shall we meet tomorrow?

色们明天什么时嘴见面?

—What about 11 o'clock?11

点怎么样?

·What about a game of table tennis? 浙场管乓球怎么样?

·What about the matter the other day?前受天的那件事怎么样了?

·What about the weather in your hometown? 你家乡的天气怎么样?

★公式 064

·There were about six hundred students in the schoolbuilding during the earthquake.

地震时教学楼里大约有 600

名学生。

·It is reported that the floods have left about two thousandpeople homeless 据报道，这次洪水使得大约2,000 人无家可归。(浙江)

·—How many copies did the book sell?

这本书卖了多少册?

—More than four million copies.400 多万册。全部资料电子版在公众号：逆袭墙

★公式 065

·She went to the bookstore and bought dozens of books. 她去书店买了几十本书。(北京)

·Scores of victims received head injuries.很多受害者头部受伤。

·Thousands of people were reported to be killed orwounded. 据报道有成千上万人被杀或受伤。

·We planted hundreds of trees yesterday.我们昨天种了数归卖树。

·Basketball is so popular a game in the world that millions ofpeople play it for

fun and exercise.篮球在世界上是一项很受欢迎的运动，数归万人少篮球来娱乐和锻炼。

★公式 066

分钟数+past/after+小时

分钟数是超过整时数 30 分钟(含 30 分钟) 内的，

·five(minutes)past/after nine9:05

·twenty(minutes)past/after nine 9:20

·a quarter past /after nine 9:15

·half past nine9:30

★公式 067

分钟数+to+小时

·five(minutes)to ten9:55

·ten(minutes)to eleven10:50

·a quarter to ten 9:45

★公式 068

基数词+years old

·I'm twelve years old.I had a special party on my twelfthbirthday last Sunday.我 12 岁了。上周日我 12 岁生日那天举办了一场特殊的派球。

·He is eighteen years old.It's time to live on his own.他 18 岁了，是开始独立生活的时炼了。★公式 069

at(the age of)+基数词

·At(the age of)forty,he became the general manager ofthe company.他 40 岁时，成了公字的总经理。

·He was struck down by cancer at(the age of)thirty.他 30 岁时死于癌症。

·She started writing music at(the age of)four.她在四岁的时候就开始谱写曲子了。

★公式 070

·He is an old man aged eighty

他是一位 80 岁的老人。

·There is a boy aged twelve

有一个 12 岁的男孩。

★公式 071

in one's+整十数的复数形式

·When he was in his twenties,he became a very famouspoet.二十多岁的时候，他成了一位非常有名的诗人。

·My mother became a professor in her thirties.我妈妈三十多岁时就成了一名教授。

★公式 072

in+the+年份+-s/-'s

·This kind of hairstyle was very popular in the 1990s/1990's.这种发型在 20 世纪 90 年代非常流行。

·In the 1980s/1980's,he began to learn Russian.在 20 世纪 80 就代，他开始学候语。

★公式 073

倍数+as+原级+as...

·The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games willbe three times as big as the present one. 正在为下一届亚二会建

比较级+than...+by+倍数

·This line is longer than that one by twice.

这条线是那条线的两倍长。

·The population of China is larger than that of the US byfour times.中国人口是美国人口的四倍。

★公式 078

·She lives on the second floor.她住在二楼。

·In order to find a better

He invited me to a dance after the show on Christmas Eve.在平安夜表演之后他邀请我去跳舞。(陕西)

★公式 082

for+表示时间段的名词

·I have subscribed to that magazine for three years.我订阅那种杂志已经三年了。

·I subscribed to that magazine for three years.我曾订阅过那种杂志三年。

·I will subscribe to that magazine for three years.那种杂志我将订阅三年。

★公式 083

几的新体育场将是现在这个的三倍大。

job,he decided to study a

·It's said that the power plant is now twice as large as whatit was.据年现在这个发电厂是过去的两倍大。(安徽)

·Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's,but it costtwice as much as his.彼得的夹克看上去和杰克的一样，

但价钱却是杰克的两倍。(辽宁)

★公式 074

倍数+the+名词+of...

·This street is twice/double the width of that one.这条大街是那条的两倍宽。

·I am almost three times the age of yours.

我的就龄几乎是你的三倍。

·Exactly speaking,this room is three times the size of that one.准确地说，这个房间的大小是那个房间的三倍。

★公式 075

倍数+what 从句

·The value of the house now is double what it was.现在这所房子的价值是原来的两倍。

·People's average income is almost five times what theyearned ten years ago.

人们的平均收入几乎是十几前的五倍。

·The city's population is more than six times what it was in 1972.这个城市的人口是 1972 几的六倍多。

★公式 076

倍数+比较级+than...

·This room is twice larger than yours.这个房间是你们那间的两倍大。

·Sound travels four times faster in water than in air.声音在水中的传播速度是在空气中的四倍。

★公式 077

secondforeign language.

为了找一份更好的工作，他诗定再学一门外语。(四川)

★公式 079

in+表示时间段的名词

·in the evening 在晚上·in the morning 在上午

·in a day 一天内·in August

在 8 月

·in spring 在春天·in 2012

在 2012 年

·He will be back in a week.

他一周后回来。

★公式 080

at+表示时间点的名词

·at six o'clock 在 6 点· at noon 在中午

·at that time 在那时候·at the moment 目前，此刻

·at the beginning of this month 在这个月初

·at the end of the holiday

在假期末

★公式 081

on+表示具体时间的名词

·on Sunday 在星期天

·on Sunday morning 在星期天的早上

·on February 15,1997 在

1997 年 2 月 15 日

·on a rainy night of August

在 8 月的一个雨夜

·Mr Hu received a card on Teachers'Day.胡老师在教师节那天收到了一张卡片。

after+表示时间段的名词

·The old man left home in 1924 and came back after thirtyyears.那位老人 1924 年离开家，30 年后才回来。

★ 公 式 084 on/in/above/over+名词

·There is a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅画。

·The birds sang high and clearly in the tree.

鸟儿在树上清脆地高邀。

·The plane flew above the douds.飞机在云层之上飞行。

·We live over a small bookstore.我们住在一家小书店的上面。

★ 公 式 085 through/across/past/over+名词

·The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and litup the whole room.阳光透过屋顶的窗子照射进来，照亮了整个房间。(上海)

·He walked across the square to meet her.

他穿过广场去见她。

·I drive past a big supermarket to the office every day.我每天开车去上班时都经过一家大超市。

·We must go over the mountain.我们必须翻过那座山。

★公式 086

between/among+名词

·Some students often listen to music between classes torefresh themselves.一些学生通常在课间听音乐来给自己提提神。 (四川)

·They don't know the differences between wheat,oats andbarley.他们不知道小麦、燕

麦和大麦之间的区别。

·Four Chinese models were among the 14 people awardedprizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition. 在星期五的世界超级模特大赛上，14 个获奖的人中有 4 位是中国模特。(上海)

★公式 087

except/besides/except for+名词

·The office is open every day except Sundays.这个办事处除了星期天之外天天都开门。

·Some people choose jobs for other reasons besides moneythese days. 如今一些人选择工作除考虑金钱外还考虑其他因素。(全国Ⅱ)

·Everything was perfect for the picnic except for theweather.这次野餐，除天气外， 一切都完美。(浙江)

except,besides 和 except for 的 区 别 except 后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除；besides 后的宾语是被包括在内的；except for 后的宾语是被排除在外的，但被排除的内容与主语听听不是同一类或同一方面。

★公式 088

with/by/in+表示方式、工具的名词

·I cut the cake with the knife.我用刀子把蛋糕切开。

·A great man shows his greatness by the way he treats little man.一个伟大的人是通过他对待小人物的方式显示其伟

★公式 089

be busy(in)doing sth.

·We're busy(in)doing homework after school every day.我们每天放学后都忙于做作业。

·He is busy(in)preparing his report.他正忙着准备他的报告。

★公式 090

have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.

·He had much difficulty(in)finding my house.找到我的家他费了很大劲。

·I have some trouble(in)working out this problem.解出这道题我有些困难。

·We must stop him(fram)going to swim in the river.我们必须阻止他去河里游泳。

·The Great Green Wall will prevent the wind(fram)blowingthe earth away. 绿色长

城将阻止大风刮走土壤。

★公式 092

be(of)+种类、数量、度量、种族、国籍类名词

·We are(of)the same age.

我们年龄一样。

·Machines are(of)different types and sizes. 机器有不同的型号和大小。

·They are(of)noble race. 他们出身高贵。

常用于该结构的名词有：

·length 长度· height 高度·depth 深度

·width 宽度·age 年龄●

blood 血统

·nationality 国籍·race 种族 ·size 大小

★ 公 式 093 spend...(in)doing sth.

·His brother spends all his free time(in)painting.他哥哥把所有的空闲时间都用来绘画。

·They spent a large amount of money(in)building thisbridge.他们花了一大笔钱修建这座桥。

★公式 094

(for+)时间段/距离

·The meeting lasted(far)ttree hours. 会 议持续了三个小时。

·He has been staying here(for)all day.他在这里待了一整天了。

★公式 095

介词+名词

·at school 在上学

·at present 目前

·by chance 偶然

·in a word 总而言之

·in danger 处于危险之中

·in time 及时

·An artist who was recently travelling on a ferry to thesouthern island discovered by chance a long

lost antiqueGreek vase.一位高术家最近坐轮渡去南部的这个岛旅行，偶然发现了一个遗失已久的希腊古董花瓶。(湖北)

★公式 096

名词+介词

·access to 进入……的通路·approach to

做……的方法

·blame for 对… … 的责任· desire for

对……的渴望

·faith in 对……的信仰·interest in 对…… 的移趣

★公式 097

动词+介词

·agree to 同意(建议、计划)·account for

解释，说明

·answer for 对……负责

·ask for 要求

·burst into 突然……桥来

·call on 呼吁，号召

·Before you pay a visit to a place of interest,look in yourlocal library for a book about it.在去参观一个有意思的地方之前， 在你当地的图书馆寻找一本相关的书查看一下。(安徽)

★公式 098

形容词+介词

·absent from 缺席

·afraid of 害怕

·angry with 生(某人的)气

·aware of 意识至到

·bad for 对……有害

·contrary to 与……相反

·different from 与………不同

·fit for 适合

★公式 099

祈使句+or/and+陈述句

·Hurry up,or you will be late.快点，否则你会迟到的。

·Read this story,and you will realize that not everythingcan be bought with money. 读这个故事，你会明白不是所有东西都能用钱买到。(四川)

·Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs oryou could have problems.关闭电脑之前要先关掉所有程序，否则就会出问题。(北京)

★公式 100

...while...

·The spring of Beijing is very dry while that of Kunming isdamp.北京的春天很干燥，然而昆明的春天却很潮湿。

·There's no way of knowing why one man makes animportant discovery while another man,also intelligent,fails.( 我们) 无从知晓，为何一个人会有重要的发现而另一个也很聪明的人却失败了。(全国 I)

★公式 101

...or...

·Do you go to school by bus or on foot?你是坐公共汽车还是步行去上学?

·We're going to the bookstore in John's car.You can comewith us or you can meet us there later.我们将乘约翰的车去书店。你可以和我们一起去，也可以稍后在那里跟我们会面。(全国)

★公式 102

...but ...

·It's not easy to change habits,but with awareness andself-control,it is possible. 改 变习惯不容易，但是通过意识和自我控制， 改变习惯是可能的。(重庆)

·I was glad to meet Jenny again,but I didn't want to spendall day with her.我很高兴再次遇见珍妮，但我不想整天跟她待在一起。 (全国Ⅱ)

★公式 103 not...but...

·It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving atyour destination but in the joumey itself.人们常说旅行的快乐不在于到达目的地，而在于旅行本身。(江苏)

·Not money but teachers are what we need.我们需要的不是钱，而是老师。

★公式 104 both...and...

·His daughter is both bright and pretty.他的女儿既聪明又漂亮。

·He can both write songs and compose music.他既会写歌，又会作曲。

·Both my brother and l are outgoing persons.我弟弟和我都是外向的人。

·He's lived in both Britain and America. 他在英国和美国都生活过。

★公式 105

either...or...

·You can talk with Mr Black either in

English or in Chinese.你可以跟布莱克先生用英文或中文谈话。

·Either you accept the decisions or you get out. 要么你接受决定，要么你出去。

·Either he or I am to go to the laboratory. 他或者我要到实验室去。

★公式 106

not only...but(also)...

·He not only read the book,but(also)remembered whathe had read.

他不仅看过这本书，而且还记得他看过的内容。

·Not only the teacher but(also)the students have givenmoney to us.

不仅这位老师为我们捐了款，而且学生们也捐了款。

·Not only does he do his own work

well,but(also)hehelps others with their work.

他不仅把自己的工作做得好，而且还帮助别人工作。

★公式 107 neither...nor...

·Neither his parents nor Jack was at home.杰克和他父母都不在家。

·Neither his mother nor his father spoke English. 他的父母都不会说英语。

·She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢奶酪。

★公式 108

...as well as...

·The toumament is open to amateurs as well as professionals.这次锦标赛不仅职业选手可以参加，业余选手也可以参加。

·The teacher as well as the students wishes for a holiday.

老师和学生们都希望放假。

·He grows flowers as well as vegetables.

他既种菜也种花。

★公式 109

...,for...

·The leaves of the trees are falling,for it's already autumn.树叶在飘落，因为已经是秋天了。

·l know that you are telling a lie,for you are a little panic.我知道你在说谎，因为你有点惊慌。

·I cannot tell you whether the book is worth reading,for Ihaven't read it myself.我无法告诉你这本书是否值得读，因为我自己还没看过。(四川)

★公式 110

名词+表语形容词

部分表语形容词作定语时需后置。

·He was the only person alive at that moment.他是那时唯一活着的人。

·The girl asleep is his daughter.这个睡着的女孩是他的女儿。

★公式 111

复合不定代词+形容词

·something interesting 有趣的事情

·nothing special 没什么特别的事

·nothing serious 没什么要紧的事

·everything valuable 一切有价值的东西

·Could he write something original?他能写出原创的东西吗?

·He provided his son with everything necessary.

他给儿子提供一切需要的东西。

★公式 112

名词+形容词短语

·Australia is a country famous for its beautiftul scenery.澳大利亚是一个以风景秀丽闻名的国家。

·I haven't found a job suitable for me.我还没有找到一份适合我的工作。

★公式 113

名词+形容词+and/or+形容词

两个意义相近或相反的形容词用 and,or

等连词连接作定语时，常需要后置。

·People in the village,young and old,went to see the filmyesterday evening.

这个村子里的老老少少昨天晚上都去看电影了。

·The girl,wise and diligent,won first prize in an intemationalmaths competiticn. 这个聪明勤奋的女孩在一次国际数学竞赛中获得了一等奖。

·Power stations,large or small,have been set up all over thecuntry.大大小小的发电站都已经在全国各地建立起来了。

★公式 114

名词+基数词+时间、度量类名词+形容词

“基数词+时间、度量类名词+形容词”作定语修饰名词时要后置。

·Yesterday,a Mr Brown,thirty years old,came to visityou.昨天一位 30 岁、叫布朗的先生来拜访过你。

·He found a good place in the rocks,more than twelve feethigh with a narrow entrance.他在石堆中找到了一个 12 英尺多高、带有狭窄入口的好地方。

★公式 115

·a tall gray building 一幢灰色的高楼

·that square new red box 那个新的红色方形盒子

·a dirty old brown shirt 一件又脏又旧的棕色衬衫

·the other two beautiful small old white French woodendesks 另外两张漂亮的、小的、古老的白色法国木制书桌

★公式 116

...as+形容词原级+as...

·Mary's spoken English is as good as mine.

玛丽的英语口语和我的一样好。

·This table is as clean as that cne.这张桌子和那张一样干净。

★公式 117

...not as/so+形容词原级+as...

·She is not as/so happy as she pretends.

她不像她假装得那么高兴。

·Jack is not as/so tall as Jimmy.He is not the tallest boy inour class.杰克不如吉米高。他不是我们班个子最高的男生。

·Your cousin is not as/so strong as you. 你表弟不像你这么强壮。

·In my opinion,she is not as/so beautiful as you.在我看来，她不如你漂亮。

★公式 118

·Sam drank as much coffee as Mary.

萨姆和玛丽喝了衫件另的张啡。

I have as many books as Tom.我和古姆的书一件另。

...as+ 形容词原级+a/an+ 可数名词

★公式 119

单数+as..

·He is as nice a boy as Peter(is).他和彼得一件都是好孩子。

·Miss Green is as strict a teacher as Mr White.格林小姐和怀特先生一件都是严厉的老师。

·Most doctors think that medicine is as much an art as it is ascience.另数医生排为医学既是一门科学又是一门顺术。

★公式 120

... 形 容 词 比 较 级 (+ 名

词)+than...

·Lesson Four is more difficult than Lesson Three. 第四课比第三课难。

·Travelling by train is more comfortable than travelling bybus.坐火车旅行比坐公共汽车舒服。

·There are more flowers in summer than in winter.夏天的花比冬天多。

·Your house is bigger than mine.你的房子比我的大。

★公式 121

...not+ 形 容 词 比 较 级

+than...

·I am not taller than you.我不比你高。

·His French is not better than yours.他的法语不比你的好。

★公式 122

...no+ 形 容 词 比 较 级

+than...

·l am no taller than you. 我和你一样都不高。

·His French is no better than yours.他的法语和你的一样

差。

·She is no more than seven years old.她仅有七岁。

★公式 123

….形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级…

·The omputer is cheaper and cheaper.电脑越来越便宜了。

·Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美。

·She became more and more interested in American literature.她对美国文学变得越来越感兴趣了。

·As summer is coming,the day is becoming longer andlonger.夏天到了，白天变得越来越长。

★公式 124

the+形容词比较级.…,the+形容词比较级…

·The more friends you have,the happier you will be.你的朋友越多，你就会越开心。

·The shorter the speech is,the better it is.

演讲冬短冬好。

·The more difficult the problem is,the more careful weshould be.问题冬更，我们就应样冬差细。

★公式 125

..表示程度等的词+形容词比较级+than..表示越度等的词用以说明两者相比时的便距。

·—John,is Henry your twin brother?约翰， 对利是你的趣白胎朋朋吗?

— Oh,yes.He is twenty minutes older than me.开，是的。他比我早出生 20 分钟。

·You are an inch taller than him.你比他高一英寸。

★公式 126

..the+形容词比较级+ane/of the two...

·Of the two sisters,Betty is the younger one,and she isalso the one who loves to be quiet.两姐妹中，贝蒂是较小的一个，也是爱安静的那个。(安徽)

·The taller of the two is my brother.两个当中较高的那个是我弟弟。

·—Which one of those two houses would you buy?那两套房子你会买哪一套?

—I would buy the larger one,because I have a big family.我会买那套大一点的，因为我家人冬。

★公式 127

Which is+形容词比较级，...or...?

·This mobile phone is superior to the one Lucy bought.这部手机比露西买的那部要好。

·This photo is inferior to that one.这七照片比那七差。

★公式 129

…the+形容词最高级(+名词)(+比较范围)

·Mr Huang is the kindest man I have met.

黄先生是我见过的最和蔼的人。

·The question is the most difficult.这个问题是最难的。

·This is by far the most inspiring movie that I have everseen.这是迄今为止我看过的最鼓舞人心的一部电影。(辽宁)

★公式 130

...one of the+形容词最高级(+名词复数)+

范围

·Jim is one of the cleverest in his class.

吉姆是他班里最聪明的学生之一。

·Pirates of the Caribbean is one of the most exciting filmsthat I have ever seen.

《加勒比海盗》是我曾看过的最刺激的电影之一。

★公式 131

Which/Who is the+ 形 容 词 最 高 级，…,...or...?

·Which is the most difficult,Chinese,English or Japanese?汉语、英语、日语哪一个最难?

·Who is the tallest,Tom,John or Jack?汤姆、约翰和杰克谁最高?

★公式 132

Nothing/No ane/No(other)… +be+ 形容词比 较 级 +than... 或 Nbthing/Nb ae/Nb(other).+be+as/so+形容词原级+as...

·Nothing is more precious than time.

·Nothing is as/so precious as time.没有比时间更宝贵的东西。

★公式 133

·China is larger than any other country/the other countriesin Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。

·Tom is more hard-working than anyone else in his class.汤姆是他班上学习最刻

★公式 134

否定词+...(+a/an)+ 形容词比较级( 十名

词)..

·Mr Stevenson is great to work for — I really coulan't ask fora better boss. 史蒂文森先生是一个让人愿(全国Ⅱ)

·I think nothing is more pleasant than travelling.

我认为没有什么比旅行方令人愉快的了。

★公式 135

...物主代词/指示代词/名词所有格+形容词最高级(+名词)...

·Yesterday is her happiest day in her life.

昨天是她一生中最快乐的一天。

★公式 136

...as+副词原级+as...

·—How is Mary getting on with her spoken English? 玛丽的英语口语怎么样?

—Great.Now she can speak English as well as her Englishteacher.很好。她现在英语说得跟她英语老师一样好。

·John works as hard as his brother.约翰工作和他哥哥一样努力。

·He likes English as much as he likes maths. 他就像喜欢数学一样喜欢英语。

·I can type as fast as my brother.我打字和我弟弟一样快。

★公式 137

...not...+as/so+ 副 词 原 级

+as...

·It doesn't rain as/so often here as it does in my country. 这里不如我们国家下雨频繁。

·Eleanor doesn't dress as/so strangely as the other girls. 埃莉诺穿得不像其他的女孩子们那么奇怪。

★公式 138

..副词比较级+than.

·Usually the paperback book is more widely accepted thanthe hardcover one.

通常，平装书比精装书更被广泛接受。(上海春)

·Alice ran faster than Lucy,so she got to the end earlierthan Lucy.艾丽斯比露西跑得快， 所以她比露西早到达终点。

·Our family has bought a car,so we can travel more easilythan before.

我们家买了一辆汽车，所以我们旅行比以前更方如了。

·John drove more carefully than me.约翰下车比我小心。

·Mary speaks Japanese a lotbetter than before.玛丽日语说得比以前好多了。

★公式 139

...not+副词比较级+than...

·I run not faster than my deskmate.我不比我同桌跑得快。

·He arrived at the office not earlier than me today.他今天没有我到办公室早。

★公式 140

...no+副词比较级+than...

·Lily speaks Chinese no more fluently than her youngerbrother.莉莉汉语说得和她弟弟一样不流利。

·He did no better in maths than his deskmate.他和他同桌数学学得一样不好。

★公式 141

...副词比较级+and+副词比较级...

·He ran faster and faster on the last lap.他在最后一圈时跑得越来越快。

·With time going on,we are getting on better and betterwith each other.随着时间的流逝，我们彼此相处得越来越好。

★公式 142

the+副词比较级..,the+副词比较级…

·The harder you work,the better you'll learn.

你越努力，学得就越好。

·The more you practise,the better you'll speak.你练习得越多，说得就越好。

·The more you talk to the children,the less they will listen.你跟孩子们说得越多，他们听进去的就越少。

★公式 143

like...better(than...)

·l like movies better than TV plays.比起电视剧，我更喜欢电影。

·— Which do you like better,red or blue? 你比较喜欢哪种颜色，红色还是蓝色?—l like red better.我比较喜欢红色。

★公式 144

...(the+)副词最高级(+比较范围)...

·The children loved their day trip,and they enjoyed thehorse ride most.孩子们很喜欢这次一日游，其中他们最喜欢的是骑马。 (全国Ⅱ)

·John talks(the)least and does(the)most in his class.约翰在他班上说得最少干得最多。

·Jim jumps(the)highest

意 but runs(the)most slowlyof the three boys.这越个男孩中，吉姆圈得最高，但跑得最慢。

★公式 145

...too...to...

·The girl is too young to dress herself.这个女孩太小，不能自己穿进服。

·He got up too late to catch the first train.

他起视太晚了，没有剧上第一班火车。

·He drank too much to drive home.他喝酒太多了，无法开车颜家。

★公式 146

...enough to...

·Would you be good enoughto take my bag upstairs forme?你能否好心帮我把包游到楼上?

★公式 147

so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词

·—It was very cold yesterday.昨天很冷。一 So it was.确实很冷。

·—You have left the light on.你忘了关灯了。

—Oh,so I have.I will go and turn it off.噢， 确实是。我这就去关。

·—It may be in that pocket.它可能在那个口袋里。

—Ah,so it is.啊，真的在。

“so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词”表示对前者观点的赞同。

“so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前者的肯定情况也适用于后者。

多个副词的排列顺序

程度副词+状态副词+地点副词+频率副词

+时间副词

★公式 148

多个副词同时在句子中作状语时一般按此顺序排列。

·l liked this kind of book very much then.那时我非常喜欢这类书。

★公式 149

地点副词+时间副词

地点副词和时间副词对时出现时，地点在前，时间在后，可对时在句末，也可一个在句首一个在句末，但不能对时在句首。

·They played fairly well there yesterday.昨天他们在那里玩得很好。

·I have gone nowhere recently,for I am very busy. 我最近哪里也没有去，因为我很忙。

★公式 150

介词形式的副词+其他副词

·He and she went off together.他和她一对离开了。

★公式 151

强调副词+其他副词

在强调某一动作的具体方式、状态、程度时，可将需要强调的副词提到前面。

·He walks really slowly.他走路真慢。

·Very carefully,the doctor examined the patient's chest. 医生非常顺细地检查了病人的胸部。

★公式 152

短方式副词+and/but+ 长方式副词方式副词短的在前，长的在后，并常用and 或but等连词连接。

·He answered his mother angrily and impatiently.他生气并且不耐烦地回答了他妈妈。

·Please write slowly and carefully.请慢慢地、如真地写。

★公式 153

肯定式句子+too

·My father is a teacher andmy mother is a teacher,too.我爸爸是一名教师，我妈妈也是一名教师。

★公式 154

(be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+)also+ 实义动词

also

·Children can have delicious food and wear new clothesduring the Spring Festival.They can also get some moneyfrom their parents. 春节期间孩子们可以吃到美味的食物，穿 新衣程。他们也能从父母那里得到一些钱。

·He also worked in this factory.他也在这家工厂工作。

·My girlfriend was also called Helen.我的女朋按也叫海伦。

★公式 155

否定式句子+either

·He can't play the piano and I can't either.

他不会末回琴，我也不会。

·I haven't seen the film and my sister hasn't either.我没看过这部电影，我妹妹也没看过。

·I don't have a dog,and Mary doesn't have a dog either.我没有小狗，玛丽也没有。

★公式 156

主语+谓语+副词

表示时间、地点、新度、多式、频度等的副词在修饰动词时一般位于动词之后。

·It snowed heavily during the holidays.Many people had tostay at home. 放假期间副细得很大。态多人不得不待在家里。

·The children all looked happily at the teacher when he toldthem the good news. 当老师告诉孩子们这个好走息的时候，他们都开心地看着他。

★公式 157

主语+谓语+宾语+副词

·She went to school happily.她开心地去上学了。

·I study English very hard.我非常努力地学习英语。

★公式 158

(be/助动词/情态动词+)频度副词十实义动词表示频胸的副词一般位于实义动词之前，be 动词、助动词或情态动词之后。

·Susan is so careful that she seldom makes mistakes in herhomework.苏珊很认真，所以她很少在作业中出错。

·You can hardly ask the old man to move away because hehas lived alone here for eleven years.你很难让那位老人搬走，因为他已经一个人在这里住了 11 年了。

★公式 159

程度副词+形容词/副词/介词短语

·It's so important that I must tell it to my friends.这件事太重要了，我必须把它告诉我的朋友们。

·You have done rather badly in the test.这次考试你考得非常差。

·The Japanese grammar is quite different from the Chinesegrammar. 日语语法与汉语语法有很大的不同。

★公式 160

主语+(短语)动词

这类(短语)动词主要是不及物(短语)动词， 后面不能直接跟宾语。

·The teachers and the students all laughed.

老师们和学生们都笑了。

·Jenny was looking for a seat when,luckily,a man got upand left. 珍妮正在找座位，幸运的是，这时一个男人起身离开了。(四川)

★公式 161

主语+(短语)动词+宾语

这类(短语)动词都是及物(短语)动词，其后的宾语有单宾语、双宾语及复合宾语几种。

·l often look up the words I don't know in the dictionary oron the Internet.

我经常在词典或互联网上查我不认识的单词。(四川)

·To get a better grade,you should go over the notes againbefore the test.为了取得一个更好的成绩，你应该在考试之前再复习一下笔记。(四川)

·We all made Jerry head of our team.我们都让杰里当我们的队长。

·The visitors showed great interest in the painting.参观者们对这幅画表现出了强烈的兴趣。

·76 ·

★公式 162

be+现在分词构成物行时态。

·—I hear you are working in a pub.What's it like? 我宾说你在一家酒吧上班。工作怎么样?

—Well,it's very hard work and I'm always tired,but ldon't mind.

非常辛苦，我总是很单，但是我不介意。(江苏)

·When you called me I was listening to a song.你给我打电话时我互在宾一首歌。

★公式 163

be+过去分词

·The way the guests were treated in the hotel influencedtheir evaluation of the service.顾客在查馆受到的待遇影响他们对服务的评价。(北京)

·A new hospital was built in our city last year.

去年我们市建了一所应的医院。

·The cup is broken.这个杯子是破的。

★公式 164

have/has/had+过去分词构成各种完成时态。

·For many years,people have dreamed of electric cars.However,making them has been more difficult than predicted.很多年来，人们一直梦想着有电动汽车。然而， 制造电动汽车要比预想的更加困难。(浙江)

·It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciatewhat they had done for me.

我花了很长时间才完全弄明白他们为我做的事。(北京)

·By the time Jack returned home from England,his son hadgraduated from college. 当杰克从英国返回家中时，

他儿子已经大学毕业了。(辽宁)

★公式 165

(.)do/does/did(+not..)+ 实义动词助动词do/does/did 帮助实义动词构成否定句等，或在一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中， 置于动词原形前起强调作用。

·I dn't know the name of that novel.我不知道那本小说的名字。

·He doesn't do his homework in the evening.他不在晚上做作业。

·He did tell me something about you.他的确告诉过我你的一些情况。

★公式 166

will/shall/would/should+实义动词

·I will leave for Shanghai tomorrow.我明天要去上海。

·We shall help him to finishthe work.

我们要帮助他完成工作。

·He asked if I would go to havea pianic with him.他问我是否要和他一起去野餐。

★公式 167

be/look/keep/remain+表语

表语说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。

·Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order whatlooks nice.有的人靠眼睛决定吃的东西。他们更愿意点看上去好看的东西。(四川)

★ 公 式 168 Shall/Will+主语+do...?

·—What's your name?

你叫什么名字?

—Rosalind.Shall I spellthat for you?罗莎琳德。要拼出来吗?

·Shall we go for a walk after dinner?晚饭后咱们出去散散步好吗?

·Shall the boy wait outside?让那个男孩在外面等着吗?

·Will you pass me the salt,please?请把盐递给我好吗?

★公式 169 would like...

·— What are you going to do this weekend?

这个周末你打算做什么?

—I would like to visit my parents.我想去看我的父母。

·It's so cold today.I would like a glass of hot water.今天太冷了。我想要一杯热水。

表示“ 想做某事” 的短语还有 feel like doing sth.,want to do sth.等。

·l feel like taking a rest.我想休须一下。

·I want to swim this afternoon.今天下午我想去游泳。

★ 公 式 170 would rather do...

·To enjoy the scenery,Sally would rather spend severalhours on the train than travel by air.为了欣赏风景，萨莉旅行时宁愿坐几个小时的火车也不愿乘飞机。

·She would rather fail than cheat in the examination.她宁愿考试不及格也不愿作弊。

·Bruce would decide to quit rather than accept the new

★ 公 式 171 cannot but do...

·We cannot but wait until Jane comes.我们太好等到简来。

·We cannot but admire his determination.

我们不得不佩服他的决心。

★公式 172

·I can't help laughing seeing this picture.

看到这张照片我禁不住笑了。

·I can't help wondering about his behaviour.我不免对他的行为感到惊讶。

·You can't help but praise them.你会禁不住称赞他们的。

★公式 173

cannot/can never...too...

·You cannot be too careful to cross the road.过马路时你再怎么小心都不为过。

·You can never do the work too well.这项工作你做得越出开越好。

★公式 174

主语+used to/would+do...

·Mrs Green used to go to hospital frequently,but now she isin good health. 格林夫人过去经常住院，但是现在很健康。

·He used to live in a small175 had better(not)do...

·You had better leave now if you want to arrive on time.如果你想准时到达，最好现在就出发。

·You had better not wait for them.你最好不要等他们。

★ 公 式 176 must have done...

·Jack described his father,who must have been abrave boy many years ago,as a strang-willed man. 杰克描述他爸爸是个意志坚强的男人，许多年前他一定是个勇敢的男孩。(安徽)

★公式 177

could(not)have done...

表示对过去情况的推测或与过去事实相反的情况。

·My English-Chinese dictionary has

disappeared.Who couldhave taken it?

我的英汉词典不见了。会是谁拿走它了呢?(上海春)

·I couldn't have enjoyed myself more — it was a perfect day.我玩得非常愉快

——那是完美的一天。(浙江)

★ 公 式 178 should(not)have done...

表示与过去事实相反的情况，

·They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight wasdelayed. 他们本应对在午饭时间到达的，但是他们的航班延坚了。(全国Ⅱ)

·You should have handed in your homework yesterdayafternoon. 你本应对昨天多午就勇上作业的。

·—My cat's really fat.我的敢很故。

—You shouldn't have given her so much food.你本不应对给她那么多食候的。(浙江)

★公式 179

need not have done...

·Mark needn't have hurried.After driving at top speed,hearrived half an hour

early.态克本没游要那么悉忙。他以最快的呢度开车，许回提前半小时到了。(天津)

·You neech't have worried about that.你本不游为那件事担心的。

★公式 180

主语+am/is/are...

谓语是 be 的一般现在时的肯定句。

·l am a student.我是一名学生。

·He is in Beijing.他在北京。

·We are out of work.我们失业了。

★公式 181

主语+am/is/are+not...谓语是 be 的一般现在时的否定句。

·l am not a student.我不是一名学生。

·He isn't in Beijing.他不在北京。

·We aren't out of work.我们没有失业。

★公式 182

Am/ls/Are+主语...?

谓语是 be 的一般现在时的一般疑问句。

·Am l late?我来晚了吗?

·ls he in Beijing?他在北京吗?

·Are you out of work?你们失业了吗?

★公式 183

特殊疑问词+am/is/are(+ 主语)...? 谓语是be 的一般现在时的特殊疑问句。

·—What is this?这是什么?—It is a table.

是一张桌子。

·Where are you from?你从哪里来?

·Who is over there?谁在那边?

·Which car is yours?哪辆车是你的?

★公式 184

主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数形式…谓语是实义动词的一般现在时的 肯定句。

·Every few years,the oal ...