紐時賞析／抑制網路霸凌與課堂分心 全美校園相繼禁用智慧手機、加州跟進

全美校园相继禁用智慧手机，佛州奥兰多市木溪高中本学期起规定校内全天禁手机，图为10月6日校方没收的学生手机，存放特制保险箱中。图／纽约时报

California Joins Growing National Effort to Ban Smartphone Use in Schools

全美校园相继禁用智慧手机 加州跟进

Gov. Gavin Newsom called on Tuesday for a statewide ban on smartphone use in California schools, joining a growing national effort to curb cyberbullying and classroom distraction by limiting access to the devices.

州长纽森周二呼吁，就加州校内使用智慧手机制定全州禁令，加入愈来愈多全国性作为，藉限制使用装置，抑制网路霸凌跟课堂分心。

Newsom said he would work this summer with state lawmakers to dramatically restrict phone use during the school day in the nation’s most populous state. His directive came hours before board members at the Los Angeles Unified School District, the country’s second-largest school district, voted to pursue their own smartphone ban that could begin in January.

纽森说，他将在今年夏季跟州议员合作，在全国人口最多的加州，大幅限制学校上课期间的手机使用。在他发出指示几个小时前，全美第二大学区、洛杉矶联合学区的教育委员会委员投票决定，推行自己的智慧手机禁令可以在一月开始。

The effort to curb devices on campus has transcended political lines, as Republican-led states like Florida and Indiana already have instituted their own restrictions.

抑制在校内装置的努力超越党派分歧，佛罗里达州与印第安纳州等共和党人主政的州已经制定自己的规范。

The moves in California followed a call for warning labels on social media platforms by the U.S. surgeon general, Dr. Vivek Murthy, who argued that they were fueling a mental health crisis among adolescents.

联邦公共卫生署长维韦克．莫西医师呼吁，对社群媒体平台设置警告标示后，加州的措施出台。莫西主张，社群媒体平台正让青少年的心理健康危机恶化。

“Adolescents who spend more than three hours a day on social media face double the risk of anxiety and depression symptoms,” Murthy wrote Monday in an opinion piece for The New York Times. “And the average daily use in this age group, as of the summer of 2023, was 4.8 hours.”

莫西在周一纽时的投书称，「一天在社群媒体花超过3小时的青少年，焦虑与忧郁风险将倍增，而在这个年龄层，截至2023年夏季，每日使用平均4.8小时」。

Many school districts in California already have restrictions on cellphone use during the school day, but enforcement can be a challenge.

加州许多学区已经制定限制上课期间使用手机的办法，实际执行可能有困难。

Some parents in the past have objected to prohibitions because they fear losing access to their children in the case of a school shooting or other emergency. And teachers unions have been reluctant to take on the responsibility of having to enforce the policies, though they also have welcomed efforts to prevent distractions.

一些家长曾反对禁令，担心发生校园枪击或其他紧急事件时，无法联系到子女。教师工会一直不情愿承担执行政策的责任，不过他们也欢迎防止学生上课分心。

Newsom, a Democrat, said that he wanted the California Legislature to tighten existing cellphone limits in classrooms for the state’s 5.5 million students at more than 1,400 public schools.

民主党籍的纽森说，他希望州议会强化现行教室对手机的限制，涵盖1400多间公立学校、550万名学生。

Newsom previously signed legislation in 2019 authorizing, but not requiring, districts to adopt cellphone bans. He signed an online safety law in 2022 requiring websites and apps to install protections for children, and then followed up last year by urging tech industry leaders in California to drop a lawsuit challenging the requirements. Both laws were passed with bipartisan support in the state Legislature.

纽森2019年授权，而不是要求各学区采行手机禁令。他在2022年签署一项网路安全法，要求网站与App为儿童安装保护，去年继续敦促加州科技业领导人，撤回反对该规定的诉讼。在州议会跨党派支持下，两项法律获得通过。

文／Shawn Hubler　译／周辰阳