紐時賞析／應對極端氣候 窮國資金嚴重不足… 川普當選將使談判雪上加霜

环保人士在亚塞拜然驻伦敦大使馆投影，促「联合国气候变化纲要公约第29届缔约方大会」主席国亚塞拜然发挥作用。（美联社）

The World Isn’t Spending Nearly Enough to Adapt to Climate Shocks, U.N. Says

联合国：各国支出不够因应气候变迁冲击

After Donald Trump’s election threatened to upend global efforts to fight climate change, a United Nations group  warned in a new report that developing nations need hundreds of billions of dollars per year in aid to adapt to a warming planet.

川普当选威胁将颠覆全球对抗气候变迁的努力后，一个联合国组织在一份新报告中警告，开发中国家每年需要数千亿美元援助，适应暖化的地球。

With temperatures on the rise, many more countries are trying to protect themselves from heat waves, floods and other climate shocks, according to the report, from the U.N. Environment Program. At least 171 countries now have at least one national climate adaptation plan in place.

这份出自联合国环境署的报告显示，随着气温上升，更多国家试图保护他们自己免受热浪、洪水和其他气候冲击影响。如今至少171国制定了至少一项国家气候适应计划。

But those efforts remain badly underfunded, particularly in poor countries. While wealthy nations provided $28 billion in aid for climate adaptation in 2022, the report estimates that developing nations need between $187 billion and $359 billion annually in additional funding to cope with climate change disasters.

但这些努力仍严重缺乏资金，特别是在贫穷国家。尽管富有国家2022年提供280亿美元援助用于气候适应，但这份报告估计，开发中国家每年需要1870亿至3590亿美元的额外资金，应对气候变迁灾害。

World leaders are meeting in Azerbaijan at the U.N. climate summit, called COP29, to discuss how to increase financial assistance to developing nations. Reaching an agreement could be more difficult now that Trump, who has dismissed climate change as a hoax, is the United States’ president-elect.

世界领袖齐聚亚塞拜然，参加「联合国气候变化纲要公约第29届缔约方大会」，讨论如何增加对开发中国家的财务援助。由于川普将气候变迁视为骗局，而他又当选美国总统，现在达成协议可能更困难。

“Trump’s victory is a profound blow to global climate justice,” said Harjeet Singh, global engagement director at an activist group called the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative. His “refusal to provide climate finance will deepen the crisis,” Singh added, “endangering lives and livelihoods — especially in regions least responsible for, yet most impacted by, climate change.”

倡导组织「化石燃料不扩散条约倡议」全球参与主任辛格表示：「川普的胜利是对全球气候正义的沉重打击。」辛格补充说，川普「拒绝提供气候资金，将深化危机，危及生命和生计，特别是在对气候变迁要负的责任最小，但受影响却最大的地区」。

The question of what rich countries owe to poor countries has been a sticking point in international climate talks for years. Wealthy areas like the United States and Europe have historically pumped more heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the air than others by burning coal, oil and gas, while poorer countries, such as those in Africa, are more vulnerable to climate disasters.

富国欠穷国多少的问题，多年来一直是国际气候谈判的症结。美国和欧洲等富裕地区，历来透过燃烧煤、石油和天然气，排放比其他地区更多的吸热温室气体至空气中，而较贫穷的国家，例如那些位于非洲的国家，更容易受气候灾害影响。

Under the 2015 Paris climate agreement, wealthy nations agreed to provide significantly more financial aid to developing nations. The vast majority of that aid, however, goes toward helping countries reduce their greenhouse gases, such as by building solar or wind farms.

根据2015年巴黎气候协定，富有国家同意提供开发中国家更多财务援助。然而，绝大多数援助花在协助各国减少他们的温室气体排放，例如建造太阳能和风力发电厂。

But as global emissions keep rising and as the planet gets hotter, the necessity of adapting to heat waves, floods, sea level rise and other effects of climate change is getting more attention. Adaptation aid from wealthy nations and development banks jumped to $28 billion in 2022 from $21 billion in 2021.

但随着全球排放量持续上升，且地球变得更热，适应热浪、洪水、海平面上升和其他气候变迁影响的必要性，正受到愈来愈多关注。来自富裕国家和开发银行的适应援助从2021年的210亿美元，增加到2022年的280亿美元。

文／Brad Plumer　译／罗方妤