杂志精选》终于可以去日本 看20年日圆新低学换汇英文

终于可以去日本 看20年日圆新低学换汇英文(示意图/达志影像shutterstock)

自疫情爆发至今已超过两年,全球逐渐迈向与疫情共存的方式,日本政府也将陆续松绑边境管制,最快有机会六月就开放外国观光客以团体旅游方式入境。加上日圆近期狂贬,来到20年来新低点,专家预估,日本将迎来新一波的旅游热潮。今天我们就从国外报导的日圆贬值现象,提前为旅日做好准备吧!

提高成本raise、rise怎么用?

Yet economists see pressure for a shift if persistent yen weakness exacerbates inflation by raising import costs, particularly for energy, and reckon that 125 is a key level. (The Economic Times)(然而,若是日圆持续疲软而透过提高进口成本,尤其在能源上,将加重通货膨胀,经济学家认为转换的压力很大,并预估贬破125是关键点。)

yen weakness是「日圆疲软」,weak (a.)意思是「虚弱的、疲弱的」,加上「-ness」名词字尾,代表「疲软」的概念;加上「-en」动词变化则有「弱化、削弱」的意思。

The bill would seriously weaken environmental protections. (这项法案将严重削弱对环境的保护。)

exacerbate (v.)「恶化、加剧、加重」,英文的定义为to make something that is already bad even worse(使某件已经很糟糕的事情更糟)。文章中提到通膨(inflation)加剧,将会对经济造成负面的影响,因此可以看出作者的态度是不乐观的。

This attack will exacerbate the already tense relations between the two communities.(这次袭击将令两个原本已经处于紧张状态的团体关系更加恶化。)

raise import cost是「提高进口成本」,讨论数据「上升、下降」时,经常使用raise和rise这两个动词,但是特别注意两者使用方式有所不同。raise是及物动词(vt),后方必须要接一个受词(名词),如raise your hand、raise the eyebrows;然而,rise是不及物动词(vi),不能直接加上受词,而是要在中间穿插一个介系词作为连结功能的用途,如常见的go (to) school、listen (to) music等,因此rise的用法就是inflation rises,常见的the sun rises in the east就是如此。

The government plans to raise taxes.(政府计划增税。)

Inflation is rising by 2.1 percent a month.(通货膨胀一个月增长2.1%。)

升值、贬值怎么说?

Japanese yen depreciation is a big problem for the Japanese economy, because the economy - especially households - is facing rising inflation and yen depreciation could accelerate that. (Reuters)(日圆贬值对于日本经济是一大问题,因为经济,尤其是家庭,正面对高升的通膨,而日圆贬值可能加速这个现象。)

yen depreciation是「日圆贬值」的意思,depreciation (n)来自于动词depreciate,英文解释为to lose value「失去价值、贬值」,「-ate」是动词字尾,「-ation」则是名词字尾。

Our car depreciated (by) $1,500 in the first year we owned it.(我们买的车在第一年就贬值了1500美元。)

depreciate的反义词是appreciate,英文解释to increase in value「增值、升值」。除此之外,appreciate在国际职场与多益测验中,还有「欣赏、感恩」这两个衍生字义。

The value of our house has appreciated by 50 percent in the last two years.(过去两年内我们房子的价格上涨了50%。)

There's no point buying him expensive wines - he doesn't appreciate them.(给他买名贵的酒没有用——他不懂品酒。)

rising inflation「通膨上升」,当rise作现在分词rising时,可当作形容词使用,因此字面上的意思就是「正在上升的」,用来修饰名词inflation。

accelerate (v.)「加快」,字尾「-ate」是动词用法,而「-ation」则是作为名词变化,「-ator」也作为名词,代表「加速器、油门」的意思。

Inflation is likely to accelerate this year, adding further upward pressure on interest rates.(今年通货膨胀可能会加剧,迫使利率持续上升。)

【多益模拟试题】

1. Children who are two years old and younger are ________ free of charge to most concerts and films.

(A) admit

(B) admits

(C) admitted

(D) admitting

2. After discussing the terms of the new health-benefits contract, ________ management and employees were satisfied.

(A) both

(B) also

(C) either

(D) too

3. Although we have ________ not to offer you a position at this time , we will keep your resume on file for future openings.

(A) decided

(B) deciding

(C) decision

(D) decidedly

解析:

1. 正解为(C)。语意为「任何两岁及以下的孩童可以免费进入大部分的演唱会和电影。」 本题要考的是被动态用法,在英语中,若要进场或是进入一个管控的场所,会用admit代表「允许…进入」的意思。本句主词children为复数,要使用被动态be+p.p「被允许进入」,故(C)为正确答案。

2. 正解为(A)。语意为「在讨论过新的健保合约条款后,劳资双方都很满意。」本句要表达双方都很满意,both代表两个立场,故(A)为正确答案。

3. 正解为(A)。语意为「尽管我们已经决定此时不向您提供职位,但是我们会将你的履历入档做为日后职缺参考。」因为完成式后面的动词要变化成过去分词,因此have后方只能接decided,故(A)为正确答案。

文/Buffy Kao