即将进入报税季!所得税英文怎么说
杂志精选》即将进入报税季!所得税英文怎么说(示意图/shutterstock达志影像)
「税」在日常生活、职场、甚至政治上中都扮演着重要角色,我们日常生活几乎每天都碰到各种不同的税,从销售税(sales tax)、进口税(import tax)、房地产税(property tax)、遗产税 (inheritance tax),「税」几乎无所不在。最近也开始进入申报所得税(income tax)的季节,不过在被万税包围的同时,终于有个好消息,民众可以开始领取普发的6000元,也是去年政府 的 surplus tax revenue「剩余税收」。本次来学与「税」相关的英文,这同时也是TOEIC测验经常出现的单字。
In the previous fiscal year, the government exceeded its tax revenue collection and incurred a surplus. As a result, the legislators passed a bill to issue tax rebates to the public. To claim the rebate, individuals can opt for online registration and have the money directly deposited into their bank accounts. Alternatively, they may also use their ATM cards to withdraw the rebate. (去年财政年度政府税收超额,因此立法委员们通过了将超征的部分以退税的形式退回给民众。民众可以以上网登记的方式,将退税部分直接存入银行帐户,或者也可以去ATM直接领取。)
Tax revenue 税收
名词revenue用来指「(政府的)税收」,在公司行号里可解释为「收益、营收」,若是要讲「个人收入」,我们通常不会说revenue, 而是用 income,因此每年需要申报「所得税」也就是income tax,「税收」则是tax revenue。
Social media platforms usually rely on advertising revenue to support their operations. (社群媒体平台通常依靠广告收入来支撑他们的营运。)
Tax rebate退税
与税务相关的另一个单字是退款,虽然rebate,refund,reimbursement 这些都有「退款」的意思,但还是有些许不同。 rebate (n) 通常指「退还部分的款」,而在美国购物时,只要填写资料或问卷,店家就会再寄送一张写有折扣金额的支票,也称为rebate。
refund是退回商品后,将之前所付的金额全部退回, 如果要表达「全额退费」或「部分退费」,可用 full refund 和partial refund 表达。reimbursement通常用在先替人或公司付钱后,之后公司根据收据或购买证明退款给你。
After your business trip, please submit your expense report to Accounting Department for reimbursement.(在出差回来后,请将你的费用支出交给会计部门报销。)
The concert was canceled, and the organizer promised to refund the ticket price to everyone who had purchased it.(演唱会被取消,主办单位承诺将票价退给所有的购票者。)
Tax exemption 免税
exempt可以作形容词或动词使用,解释为「免除(义务或付款)」,可用于税收上的免收,也可用于如学校学生因符合某些条件可以「免修」课程等。因此在征收税上若符合某些条件是可以不用付的。
Due to their size, small businesses are exempt from certain regulations.(由于规模小,小型企业可免于某些法规。)
然而和免税类似,但是可以「减免或折抵」的状况,就不是用exemption,而是deduction或形容词 deductible「扣抵」。deduct当动词解释为「减除」,在报税时若有捐款费用等就是tax-deductible expenses「免税费用」之一种。
Claiming a tax-deductible expense such as charitable donations can reduce your taxable income and potentially move you into a lower tax bracket.(申报公益捐款等可抵抵的费用可减少应税收入,并有可能让你的税额级距往下降。)
The landlord will deduct the cost of repairs from the tenant’s security deposit. (房东会从访客的押金中扣除维修的费用。)
Tax evasion 逃税
tax evade解释为「逃税」,动词evade代表「闪躲、逃避」的意思,形容词evasive 则是用来形容人的「言词闪烁」。
Mr. Schmitt was accused of being evasive when he was questioned about his involvement in the scandal. (Schmitt 先生在被问及他是否卷入丑闻时被指责逃避。)
最后值得一提的是,tax 这个字也当动词「课征」,也就是impose a tax 的意思,名词是taxation。
The city council is considering taxing sugary drinks to help combat the obesity problem. (市政府考虑以征收含糖饮料税来对抗肥胖的问题。)
【TOEIC模拟试题】
1. Individuals who earn less than a certain amount __________ from paying income tax.
(A) exempt
(B) are exemplary
(C) are exempted
(D) are exemption
2. The store offered a $200 ________ on the purchase of any home appliances.
(A) refund
(B) funding
(C) reimbursement
(D) rebate
解析:
1. 正解为(C)。句意为「收入少于某金额的人可以免付个人所得税。」本题的主词是个人 individuals,要符合句意的文法,需要加上被动的形式,故(C)为正确答案。
2. 正解为(D)。句意为「店家为购买任何家用电器提供 200 元的折扣。」本句为单字题,要选择符合句意的选项。(A)(退货后的)退款,(B)资助,(C)(报帐的)退款,(D)折价。故(D)为正确答案。
文/徐碧霞 Valerie