杂志精选》美科技业裁员不断!从解雇、减薪学TOEIC英文

杂志精选》美科技业裁员不断!从解雇、减薪学TOEIC英文(示意图/shuttershock达志影像)

脸书母公司Meta以及由马斯克新接管的Twitter都大刀阔斧大裁员,有消息传出,继这两家美国知名科技巨头后,Amazon也将于近期裁员万人,会是近30年来史上规模最大的一次人力资源重组。我们借此来学习解雇、裁员等英文,也是TOEIC测验常出现的单字喔!

To Lay Off裁员

一说到「裁员、解雇」,多数人会想到fire这个动词,但其实lay sb. off/lay off sb.也是常见的动词片语。名词layoff或 lay-off则是「资遣,解雇」的意思。

Due to the pandemic, several airlines have announced massive layoffs. (因为全球疫情影响,许多间航空公司都已宣布大规模裁员。)

另有个与lay off意思相同,但更白话的用法是let go。

Udacity, an online learning platform, is giving free courses to U.S. workers who have been let go due to the coronavirus pandemic.(线上学习平台 Udacity 将提供免费线上课程给因新冠肺炎疫情被解雇的美国劳工。)

不过let go除了裁员、解雇之外,其实还能表达几种不同的含意:

● 放开;松手

Andy let go of the woman’s hand when he saw his wife coming towards them.(Andy一看到他老婆走过来便立刻放开那女人的手。)

● 放下(想法)

It’s hard to let go of a grudge but holding it could hurt you even more.(放下仇恨确实很难,但一直心怀怨恨反而对自己的伤害更大。)

To Reduce Working Hours/Wages减班/减薪

有些企业为了节省成本开支,不得不对员工采取减班或减薪措施,这时候我们可以用TOEIC常考单字reduce来做描述。

Some companies experiencing a temporary drop in business decide to reduce employees’ working hours or wages to cut their spending.(有些业务暂时紧缩的企业决定以减班或减薪的方式来节省开支。)

减班就是减少工作时数,通常使用动词reduce,工作时数则是用working hours或work hours来描述。同样的reduce也能用来说明减薪的状况,wage代表「薪资」,与另一个TOEIC测验常考的同义字salary有些区别,wage通常指的是短期计薪的薪资,如时薪、日薪或每周计薪等;而salary则是较长期计算的月薪或年薪。减薪还有另一个较口语的说法是cut one’s pay,其复合名词为pay cut。

Affected by the epidemic, many airline employees have experienced wage freezes or salary cuts.(受到疫情影响,许多航空公司的员工都经历过工资冻结或减薪。)

Unpaid Leave 无薪假

若减班或减薪都无法解决公司财务困境,接着恐怕会进到放无薪假的地步。无薪假的英文不会直接用salary或wage这些单字,而是用形容词unpaid「未付款的」来形容这样的leave「休假」,也就是unpaid leave。

The manufacturing industry was affected by the fluctuations in the international situation this month, causing about 700 people to take unpaid leave.(本月制造业受国际形势波动影响,约有700人被放无薪假。)

动词leave是「离开」的意思,当名词时可用来描述「休假」,像是annual leave「年假」、sick leave「病假」、maternity leave「产假」或paternity leave「陪产假」等。

若想用动词来描述「放」无薪假,可与平常请假一样直接用take,也就是take unpaid leave。另外也可以说go on leave without pay。

Jason took leave without pay to care for his pregnant wife.(Jason请了无薪假来照顾他怀孕的妻子。)

【TOEIC模拟试题】

1. More than 1,000 workers in the hospitality sector were asked to __________ unpaid leave in March and more companies in the service industry will be launching unpaid leave programs.

(A) give

(B) obtain

(C) release

(D) take

2. Some experts believe that __________ employees’ long working hours can result in greater creativity and work efficiency.

(A) reducing

(B) reduction

(C) reduced

(D) reduce

解析:

1. 正解为(D)。题意为「超过一千位餐饮饭店业的员工在三月时被要求放无薪假,而许多服务业的公司也开始准备展开无薪假计划。」(A)给予,(B)获得,(C) 释放,(D)采取,而take a leave为「请假」的惯用搭配词,故(D)为正解。

2. 正解为 (A)。题意为「有些专家认为减少员工长时间的工作时数,能使他们的创造力与工作效率变得更好」。believe后的that子句是用来作为动词的受词,而在that子句中,整段reducing employees’ long working hours「减少员工长时间工作时数」应为名词片语,以作为此句的主词,故空格处应选动名词 reducing,正解为(A)。

文/TOEIC Program Taiwan · Chun Shin编辑部