开卷书摘》物价「上涨」吃不消! price hikes 与健行无关

物价「上涨」吃不消! price hikes 与健行无关(示意图/shutterstock 达志影像 提估)

近年来全球物价上涨,美国10月通膨率更创下30年来新高,大涨的物价让消费者吃不消;回头看台湾,虽然有不少民众反映对物价上涨相当有感,但央行总裁杨金龙表示,台湾因疫情控制得宜,较无欧美等经济体劳动市场紧绷、货运输入港口阻塞等供应链瓶颈,待国际原油供需失调缓解,通膨压力可望逐渐纾解,因此台湾不会有停滞性通膨的问题。今天我们就来看看国外媒体如何看待未来通膨现象,并从相关报导学英文吧!

America is emerging from the pandemic facing its biggest inflationary spike in decades, as startling and persistent price hikes threaten to undermine the recovery, while posing an entirely new kind of economic challenge to the Biden presidency. (washingtonpost)

(美国正面临数十年来最大的通胀膨胀,当惊人、价格持续上涨的威胁将危及经济重建,同时也会对拜登政府构成全新的经济挑战。)

inflationary spike「通膨上涨」

inflationary是inflation (n)的形容词变化,inflate是字尾「-ate」的动词,意思是「充气、膨胀」;另一个形容词变化则是inflatable,字尾「-able」有「能够…、可以…的」意思,因此代表「能够充气」,如inflatable pillows/mattresses可充气的枕头、床垫。这里则是延伸到经济上的用法,就是所谓的「通货膨胀」。

We watch the hot-air balloon slowly inflate.(我们看着热气球慢慢胀大。)

spike在此用作名词,有「高数量、高价格」的意思;当动词时,则指「上升至非常高的(价格或程度)」。

If price spikes continue, people will not be able to afford the new houses they want.(如果价格持续上涨,人们将无力购买想要的新屋。)

The jobless rate in October spiked to a five-year high.(十月份的失业率上升至五年来的最高点。)

spike (n)的另一个解释为「尖头、尖头物」;形容词变化spiky则有「尖刺的」意思,如spiky leaves「 带刺的叶子」、spiky hair「 刺猬发型」等;spike用作动词时代表「刺穿」。

Some types of dinosaurs had sharp spikes on their tails.(有些种类的恐龙尾部有锋利的尖突。)

She got badly spiked when one of the runners trod on her heel. (当一名跑步选手踩到她的后脚跟时,她被严重扎伤了。)

price hikes「 价格上涨」

hike是个常见的单字,经常解释为「健行」,但同时也有「价格或费用大幅提高、增加」之意。

The recent hike in train fares came as a shock to commuters.(最近火车票价的上涨让通勤的人们十分震惊。)

Retailers have hiked (up) prices again.(零售商再次提高了价格。)

由于hike有「往上升」的意思,因此介系词up可以省略。

undermine (v)「破坏、危害、削弱」。是由under「在下面」加上mine「挖掘、挖矿」整合的复合字,因此往下挖掘就是「破坏、削弱结构」的意思。

Criticism just undermines their confidence.(批评只是削弱了他们的信心。)

Policymakers are facing the devilish and unfamiliar quandary of booming consumer demand and dramatic supply disruptions combining to push higher the cost of necessities such as food, gas and housing. (washingtonpost)(立法委员正面临消费需求旺盛和供应严重中断的可怕而陌生的困境,这两者共同促使民生必需品如物价、油价和房价上涨。

booming consumer demand「上升的消费者需求」

boom (v)是「上升」的意思,如baby boom「婴儿潮」用来形容二战结束后突然上涨的出生率,因此boom同时可以解释为「蓬勃发展、蒸蒸日上」。consumer则是多益测验(https://bit.ly/3CfbW71)常见单字,动词consume就是「消费」的意思,consumption则是「-tion」的名词变化,指的是「消费行为或现象」等。

demand解释为「要求、需求」,可作动词或名词,形容词demanding则是现在分词变化,和booming同理用法,意思是「高要求的、令人费心的」。

As a nation, our consumption of junk food is horrifying. (我们整个国家对垃圾食品的消费量十分惊人。)

I demanded an explanation.(我要求给我一个解释。)

She's a very demanding child. (她是个令人费心的孩子。)

dramatic supply disruptions「严重的供给中断」

dramatic (a)来自于drama (n),是「戏剧性」的意思,经常用在数据分析时表达剧烈的概念,副词dramatically更是常见,如dramatically decrease「 急遽减少」。supply是多益测验高频出现的单字,是「供给」的意思,可作名词或动词使用,如food supply 「食物供给」;而supplier (n)则是「供应商」的意思。

disruption (n)「扰乱、中断」来自于动词disrupt,字尾「-tion」是名词变化,而形容词则是「-tive」字尾。

Heavy snow disrupted travel into the city this morning. (今晨的大雪扰乱了入城交通系统的正常运作。)

【多益模拟试题】

GOLDEN VALLEY UNIVERSITY

CAMPANALE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER SERIES

Golden Valley University is committed to the personal growth of all faculty, staff, and students through discussion and debate in a scholarly community. We hope that this year’s Campanale Distinguished Lecturer Series, named in honor of Golden Valley’s former president Jackie Campanale, will stimulate and energize the Golden Valley community.

Tuesday, February 15

Dr. Ada N. Chamberlain

Professor of art history

Dr. Ada N. Chamberlain will lecture about the commercial art market in seventeenth-century Holland. Author of the prize-winning book Remberandt and the Art of Portraiture, Dr. Chamberlain is a professor of art history at Packard University.

Tuesday, April 18

Mr. Alvin Hewing

Poet and Author

Mr. Alvin Hewing will read from one of his latest collections, Someday: New and Selected Poems. Mr. Hewing is the author of ten books of poetry. He holds a master’s degree in comparative Literature from a major university in France.

Tuesday, May 2

Dr. Charles Kenyon

Professor of astronomy

Amazing new developments in astronomy have begun to show us the origins of the universe and what may be its fate. Dr. Kenyon, who earned his Ph. D. from Stewart University, is a professor of astronomy at Roget College.

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture series?

(A) To aid in the personal development of members of the university community

(B) To explore current issues in a particular field of study

(C) To generate interest in the university with residents in surrounding areas

(D) To settle an ongoing debate among university scholars

2. Who will read aloud selections from a book?

(A) Jackie Campanale

(B) Ada Chamberlain

(C) Alvin Hewing

(D) Charles Kenyon

3. Which topic will NOT be addressed in the lecture series?

(A) Contemporary poetry

(B) French literature

(C) The history of Dutch art

(D) The beginning of the universe

解析:

1. 正解(A)。本题问「这次系列演讲的主要目的为何?」根据第一段内文「我们期望今年的Companale杰出系列演讲,为了纪念黄金谷大学的前校长Jackie Campanale而得名,将能够激化并且活化我们的社群。」这里的激化、活化和第一句所说的「黄金谷大学致力于借由学术上的讨论和辩论协助教职员员工和学生的个人成长」互相回应。故(A) 为正解。

2. 正解(C)。第二题问「谁会大声朗读一本书的摘取内容?」从后方系列演讲的内容来看,第二个演讲简介提到Mr. Alvin Hewing will read from one of his latest collections(Alvin先生会朗读他最近出版的著作内容)。故(C) 为正解。

3. 正解(B)。第三题问「哪个议题不会成为此次系列演讲内容?」本题用删去法来答题。先看第一个演讲者的内容,可知(C)不可选,Dutch是荷兰的形容词。而第二个演讲者会朗读自己著作内容,从书名可得知(A)也不能选,由于此诗集是演讲者本身作品,因此回应contemporary现代的概念。而第三位演讲者的主题也可以得知(D)不可选,因此(B)法国文学是没有提到的。故(B) 为正解。

文/Buffy Kao