【英语多益通】上班心很累?来学「耍废」、「分心」的英文怎么说

▲ 驾驶注意力不集中,具有行车危险。(意图达志影像

文/高洁如 Buffy Kao

作家Chris Bailey为了提升生产力,进行了为期一年的计划,大量阅读相关研究并在亲身试验数十种方法,以找出提高生产力的有效方法。他身为一名职业作家,却个性懒惰,这样要如何才能够在截稿日期前交稿呢?他经过实验后发现,偶尔让脑袋放空,其实对工作是有帮助的,通常不凡的点子都是在发懒的时刻灵光乍现!让我们来看看放空如何激发创造力,顺便学几个多益单字吧!

对于让脑袋放空有什么好处,Chris Bailey表示:

I mean proper idleness when we choose to do nothing. In a world of constant distraction, we rarely put our mental feet up. Instead, we spend our spare time bouncing between novel distractions — going from checking our email, to reading the news, to surfing Facebook, and so on — activities that often make us even more tired.(我指的是当我们什么都不做时的适时放空。在一个随时充满分心事物世界里,我们很少让脑袋休息。反而,我们空闲时间也花在关注各种让人分心的新颖事物,如收邮件、读新闻、上脸书等等,这些活动只会让我们的大脑更疲惫。)

放空、分心的英文怎么说?

首先是idleness(n.),来自于形容词idle,形容「无所事事的」,也就是「放空、耍废」的意思,后面加上字尾「-ness」变成名词。注意不要跟idol这个字搞混,这两个发音相同的单字,意思大相迳庭,后者指的是偶像;idolize则是其动词变化,意为偶像崇拜。

另一个单字distraction(n.)则是来自于distract这个动词,为「分心」之意。字尾「-tion」为名词变化。字首dis-有脱离的意思,tract有轨道、道路之意,因此由「脱离轨道」延伸出「分心」这个语意。常见以形容词distracted出现。

She is easily distracted. (她很容易分心的。)

多工处理,注意力易不集中?

「注意力不集中」可以用bounce between...来形容。bounce这个动词的意思是「弹跳」,bounce between...就有「在...间弹跳」之意,人的专注力在不同事情上如球般跳来跳去,表达注意力不集中、容易被不同事件分心的状况。

对于现代人这种容易分心的工作型态,Chris Bailey认为:

But as it turns out, research shows that unfocusing is just as powerful, albeit in different ways. While focusing makes us more productive, unfocusing makes us more creative.(研究结果显示,尽管有不同的面向,但不专注也有强大的力量。专注可以让我们更有效率,但不专注可以让我们更有创造力。)

这里有两个连接词值得注意。第一个albeit,用法和though相同,有「尽管、虽然」之意,在口语中较少见,但写作时可以适时使用,避免重复采用though、although等常见的转折连接词,增加文章可看性。

另一个连接词是while,用来表达前后句的对比概念,也可以翻成「虽然」的意思,也是写作时可以拿来使用的转折连接词;注意必须使用在前后对比的事项,和though的用法有差异

如何透过适时放空,恢复专注力?

到底该怎么找回四散的注意力?首先Chris Bailey建议大家,可以尝试「刻意让自己不专注」:

When we choose to let our mind wander — I call this state of deliberate mind wandering “scatterfocus” — we don’t have to regulate our attention. This makes the mode energy-restorative, which helps us focus more deeply later.(当我们选择让我们的大脑神游——我将这种刻意让大脑神游的状态称之为「分散焦点」——我们不一定得规范我们的注意力,创造出一种恢复体力的模式,能帮助我们接下来更专注。)

这里有个重要单字是deliberate(adj.),解释为「刻意的」,也可当动词使用,意思是「深思熟虑、仔细思考」。

I’m deliberating whether or not to buy a new car.(我在考虑是否要买一台新车。)

这个单字的副词变化deliberately也很常见。

She deliberately dropped the pen to get his attention.(她故意掉笔,为了要吸引他的注意。)

在多益测验中,regulate是常见动词,有「限制、规范」的意思。其名词变化是regulation,形容词变化则是regulatory。而形容词restorative则是来自于restore这个常见动词,为「恢复、复原」之意。名词变化restoration,常用于房屋整修的情境

策略性的 strategic、打算 intend

但究竟该如何利用这种刻意的不专注呢?Chris Bailey建议可以拿来做目标规画

Strategic laziness allows us to set intentions and recall our goals in the first place.(策略性的偷懒让我们可以在第一时间设定意图,并回顾我们的目标。)

Our most counterintuitive, insightful ideas come when we’re unfocused.(我们最反直觉、有洞见的点子都是在我们不专注的时候来临。)

这里的形容词strategic,来自strategy这个常见名词,为「策略」之意。intention来自于动词intend,解释为「打算」。

I intend to finish the work by 3 p.m.(我打算在3点前完成工作。)

另一个重要的形容词为insightful (adj.),来自于insight,解释为「洞察力」。sight是看(see)的名词,往里面(in)看,延伸为洞察之意,再加「-ful」字尾便是形容词。接着就让我们透过下方的多益阅读题,牛刀小试一下吧!

【多益模拟试题

Are you setting up a small business? Worried about the costs of renting office space and employing the right people?Rebus Virtual Office World can help you. With our Basic Office Deal, we can set up a virtual office for you practically overnight.We will give your business a professional image and our polite, friendly staff will handle your calls and present your business in the best possible way. We can provide you with: a professional business address, a local phone number and we will also handle mail.For a more personal approach, with the option of forwarding mail and messages to your home address, don’t hesitate to ask us about our Premier Office Deals.

1. Where is the text from? (A) Message from a business to a current client(B) An advertisement for a new business service(C) An email from one business worker to another(D) A newspaper article about a new business’s success

2. What does the service provide? (A) Off-site staff to perform general office duties(B) A site where several businesses can locate their offices(C) Advice on how to make your business more professional(D) Temporary staff for local businesses

3. Which of the following is not included in the Basic Office deal? (A) A polite receptionist (B) A mail-forwarding service(C) A professional address (D) A telephone-answering service

解析:1. 正解为(B)。题意询问「文章出处为何?」文中一开始提到“Are you setting up a small business? Worried about the costs of renting office space and employing the right people? Rebus Virtual Office World can help you.”(你正在创业吗?担心租办公室和雇用好员工的费用高昂吗?Rebus虚拟办公世界可以帮助你。)很明显这是一则针对创业老板广告,提供较省钱的创业服务,因此答案应选(B)「新商业服务广告」。

2. 正解为(A)。题意询问「提供的服务包含哪些?」文中第二段提到“We will give your business a professional image and our polite, friendly staff will handle your calls and present your business in the best possible way.”(我们将为您的企业提供专业形象,由态度有礼、友善的工作人员应接您的来电,并尽可能完美地介绍您的业务。)可知将由客户公司外的员工协助处理一般办公室的职责,故答案应选(A)。

3. 正解为(B)。题意询问「以下哪个服务选项不在基础方案内?」文中最后一段提到“For a more personal approach, with the option of forwarding mail and messages to your home address, don’t hesitate to ask us about our Premier Office Deals.” (若您需要较个人化的服务,可选择包含将邮件讯息转寄到家中地址的方案,欢迎咨询我们的高级办公室方案。)综合前文提到的基础方案服务,可知选项(B)不包含在基础方案中。

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