【英语多益通】疫情引爆全球失业潮 无薪假的英文是?

▲ 劳动部。(图/记者李毓康摄)

文/罗伊伶Janet Lo

新冠肺炎疫情全球延烧,许多美国家已进行封城(lockdown),并严禁店铺开张以保持社交距离(social distancing),并鼓励人们尽量不出门,在家学习或远距工作。不过许多企业也面临窘境,纷纷宣布冻结人事光是美国上周的总失业人口已飙破 330 万人,打破历史纪录。今天就让我们从「减班」、「裁员」等相关议题来学多益单字吧!

To Reduce Working Hours/Wages 减班/减薪

有些企业为了节省成本开支,不得不对员工采取减班或减薪措施。我们可以用多益常考单字reduce来做描述。

Some companies experiencing a temporary drop in business decide to reduce employees’ working hours or wages to cut their spending.(有些业务暂时紧缩的企业决定以减班或减薪的方式来节省开支。)

减班就是工作时数的减少,通常使用 reduce 这个动词,工作时数则是用 working hours 或 work hours 来描述。同样的 reduce 也能用来说明减薪的状况,wage 则是「薪资」的意思,与另一个多益常考的同义字 salary 有些区别,wage 通常指的是短期计薪的薪资,如时薪、日薪或每周计薪等;而 salary 指的则是较长期计算的月薪年薪。减薪还有另一个较口语的说法是 cut one’s pay,其复合名词为 pay cut。

Airline SAS is considering implementing a 20% work and pays cut for all employees as it is striving to mitigate the impact of coronavirus.(为减缓新冠肺炎的冲击北欧航空正在考虑是否将实施全体员工 20% 的减班与减薪措施。)

Unpaid Leave 无薪假

若减班或减薪都无法解决公司财务困境,接着就恐怕会进到放无薪假的地步。无薪假的英文不会直接用到 salary 或 wage 这些单字,而是用形容词 unpaid(未付款的)来形容这样的 leave(休假),也就是 unpaid leave。

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many airlines are asking staff to volunteer for unpaid leave to contribute to reducing expenses.(由于新冠肺炎的大流行,许多航空公司纷纷请求员工自愿放无薪假以帮助减少开支。)

动词leave大家应该都知道是「离开」的意思,当名词时可用来描述「休假」,像是 annual leave(年假)、sick leave(病假)、maternity leave(产假)或 paternity leave(陪产假)等。

如果想用动词来描述「放」无薪假,可与平常请假一样直接用 take,也就是 take unpaid leave。另外也可以说 go on leave without pay。

Since the government has already barred foreign tourists from entering the country, my hotel allows me to go on leave without pay for up to two weeks.(既然政府都已禁止外国观光客来台了,我们饭店同意我最多可以请两周的无薪假。)

To Lay Off 裁员

若是资金严重不足甚至恐面临倒闭的企业,便可能采取最极端的人事精简措施,也就是直接裁员。

About 100 TripActions customer support staff were laid off unexpectedly in conference calls last week, which were thought to be regular team meetings.(上周约有一百位 TripActions 的客服类员工原以为只是要开个例行会议,却无预警地在这场电话会议中得知将被裁员。)

此处的动词片语 lay off 是「解雇、裁员」的意思,名词则可用 layoff 或 lay-off;另有个与 lay off 意思相同,但更白话用法是 let go。

Udacity, an online learning platform, is giving free courses to U.S. workers who have been let go due to the coronavirus pandemic.(线上学习平台 Udacity 将提供免费线上课程给因新冠肺炎疫情被解雇的美国劳工。)

不过 let go 除了裁员、解雇之外,其实还能表达几种不同的含意:

● 放开;松手Andy let go of the woman’s hand when he saw his wife coming towards them.(Andy 一看到他老婆走过来便立刻放开那女人的手。)

● 放下(想法)It’s hard to let go of a grudge but holding it could hurt you even more.(放下仇恨确实很难,但一直心怀怨恨反而对自己的伤害更大。)

【多益模拟试题

1. More than 1,000 workers in the hospitality sector were asked to __________ unpaid leave in March and more companies in the service industry will be launching unpaid leave programs.(A) give(B) obtain(C) release(D) take

2. Some experts believe that __________ employees’ long working hours can result in greater creativity and work efficiency.(A) reducing(B) reduction(C) reduced(D) reduce

解析

1. 正解为 (D)。题意为「超过一千位餐饮饭店业的员工在三月时被要求放无薪假,而许多服务业的公司也开始准备展开无薪假计划」。选项 (A) 为「给予」、(B) 为「获得」、(C) 为「释放」、(D) 为「采取」,而 take a leave 为「请假」的惯用搭配词,故 (D) 为正解。

2. 正解为 (A)。 题意为「有些专家认为减少员工长时间的工作时数,能使他们的创造力工作效率变得更好」。believe 后的 that 子句是用来作为动词的受词,而在 that 子句中,整段 reducing employees’ long working hours(减少员工长时间工作时数)应为名词片语,以作为此句的主词,故空格处应选动名词 reducing,正解为 (A)。

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