【英语多益通】国外出差「筹码、让步」英文怎么说?
▲ 出国旅游休假。(图/pixabay)
文/徐碧霞
“Everything is negotiable. Whether or not the negotiation is easy is another thing.”~ Carrie Fisher
饰演星际大战 中Princess Leia的女星Carrie Fisher曾说:「任何事情都是可谈的。」
确实,日常生活中处处可见Negotiation(谈判)的踪迹,尤其在职场上,当你有机会代表公司到国外出差洽谈合约,若是先准备好能应用在协商时的英文,就不会因语塞而被反将一军!而且,这些单字、片语都是多益常考的内容,何不一鱼两吃,一次满足多重愿望呢?
Negotiation的过程中牵涉许多沟通和对谈,businessdictionary.com对谈判的定义如下:Bargaining (give and take) process between two or more parties (each with its own aims, needs, and viewpoints) seeking to discover a common ground and reach an agreement to settle a matter of mutual concern or resolve a conflict.(Business Dictionary)
(谈判是双方或两方以上人马,有各自的目标、需求和观点,透过协商过程寻找一个彼此都同意的共识,并达成协议以解决歧见。)
Bargain (n./v.)当名词时做「便宜货、价格好的东西」解释;当动词是「议价、协议」的意思。片语bargain for意思为「期待、预期」。
例句: The dresser I got from the garage sale was a real bargain.(我在车库拍卖里买到的五斗柜真的很便宜。)
Let’s close the deal. I think we got more than we bargained for.(我想我们差不多可以完成交易了,毕竟我们得到比预期的多。)
此外,drive a hard bargain表示在协议的过程中不愿意妥协或让步。bargaining chip则是用来指「谈判的筹码」。
例句:We’d better discuss our strategies for the meeting tomorrow. Our client has a reputation for driving hard bargains.(我们最好讨论一下明天会议里要使用的策略,我们客户是出了名的不妥协或让步。)
give and take协议、互相让步妥协字面上的意思「给和拿」,也就说明了协商过程里双方都有相当程度的角力和让步。 让步在英文上也可以用 compromise (v, n)或是片语meet someone halfway.
例句:Negotiation actually involves a lot of give and take.(协商原本就涉及双方互相让步妥协。)
To reach an agreement, we decided to meet each other halfway. (为了达成共识,我们决定各让一步。)
resolve (v) 解决resolve a conflict即是「解决冲突」,也可用在resolve disputes/differences(解决纷争)。
例句:We tried to find ways to resolve our differences so we can complete the project by the deadline.(为了能够在截止日期前完成这个案子,我们试着找出方式来解决彼此之间的分歧。)
请注意,虽然中文翻译都是「解决」,但是resolve在这里不完全等于solve。我们可以说solve a crime/mystery/math problem,但是无法用resolve a crime/mystery/math problem。接下来,我们看看谈判桌上常用的句型或英文说法。
I’m afraid that it is not a viable option.(恐怕这不是个可行的方案/选择。)
viable (adj)「可行的」,类似的字尚有feasible、workable。例句:The plan Jim proposed is not viable at all.(Jim提议的计划一点都不可行。)
既然是协商,通常不容易拿到我们理想的目标,一定会有某种程度的妥协、替代方案或另一个选择。此时,可以这样说:
What if we offer you an alternative?(如果我们提供另一个替代方案呢?)
alternative (adj) (n)「另一个、另一种」,可用在alternative energy source(替代能源)、alternative medicine(替代药物)。
We seem to be nearing an agreement.(我们似乎即将达成协定。)
seem (v) 这个状态的动词的用较特殊,无法用进行式,而是要:(1) 用不定词接另一个动词He doesn’t seem to remember the promise he made during our negotiation last week.(我似乎记得上星期谈判时他所做出的承诺。)
(2) 接that引导的名词子句It seems that we can’t finish the project on time.(我们似乎无法准时完成那个计划。)
(3) 接形容词Are you ok? You seem quite anxious.(你还好吗?你似乎很焦虑。)
另外,在谈判时我们可能accept(接受)或refuse(拒绝)对方的意见:
We can only accept your offer on one condition.(我们只有在一个条件下才能接受你的提议。)
Are you willing to accept a compromise?(你是否愿意接受妥协?)
谈判的结果可能是达成共识,或以僵局、破局收场。如果是僵局,则可用deadlock或impasse表达。例句:The peace talk came to a deadlock and the delegates from both countries decided to resume the negotiation next month.(这次的和平谈判陷入僵局,双方代表决定下个月重启谈判。)
We hit an impasse over payment terms. (我们在谈付款方式和时卡住了。)
多益模拟试题1. The trade talk has come to a deadlock since neither side could come up with a viable ___________. (A) altercation (B) alternation (C) alternative (D) alteration
2. The contract will only be accepted if further concessions by the oil company ________. (A) makes (B) is to make (C) is making (D) is made
解析:1. 正确答案(C)替代方案。本题为字义题,要选适合题意的字,然而选项全是名词,所以无法由词性判断,而且所有选项的拼字又相似,是易混淆的字。选项(A)altercation解释为fight、augment「争执;吵架」。(B) alternation轮流替换、更替,动词是alternate;(D)alteration变更、改变,动词为alter。因此符合本题题意是(C)。
2. 正确答案(D)。本题为文法题,「让步」可以用make a concession来表达。这里因为if子句的主词为concession,所以以被动型态来表现,因此(D) is made为正解。延伸阅读》提升学生英语能力 南韩顶尖大学这样做!